本文選題：微波水熱法　切入點(diǎn)：納米氧化鋅　出處：《江西科技師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文以六水合硝酸鋅(Zn(NO3)2·6H2O)及氫氧化鈉(NaOH)作為原料,微波水熱法作為制備方法以獲得納米氧化鋅晶體粉末。其中系統(tǒng)地考察了微波反應(yīng)的時間、溫度、氫氧化鈉的濃度以及不同的表面活性劑對制備所得納米氧化鋅晶體形貌尺寸的影響,確定了制備最小粒徑納米氧化鋅及產(chǎn)率最高時的反應(yīng)工藝條件,同時結(jié)合XRD、TEM等測試分析手段,對納米氧化鋅的形貌結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了表征。將在研究所得最佳工藝條件下所制備的納米氧化晶體粒子進(jìn)行其光催化性能的探究,以及其對小球藻毒性效應(yīng)的探究,得到如下有價值的成果：1.使用微波水熱法最短可在5 mmin內(nèi)使得粒子結(jié)晶而形成高純度的納米氧化鋅晶體；2.分別得到了最佳反應(yīng)溫度為15 min,鋅離子與氫氧根離子的最佳濃度比為1.0,微波水熱法制備納米氧化鋅的最佳反應(yīng)溫度為120℃,加入約3.6×10-3mol/L的十二烷基苯磺酸鈉作為表面活性劑,在這些反應(yīng)條件下,制備所得到的氧化鋅晶體的尺寸為最小尺寸,且產(chǎn)率較高。3.在當(dāng)時的外界太陽光照條件下,對于100 mL濃度為10 mg/L的甲基橙溶液,納米氧化鋅的最佳添加量為200 mg,在一個小時內(nèi)就能夠使所測甲基橙的降解率達(dá)到90%以上。4.納米氧化鋅對小球藻的致毒機(jī)理,是由于鋅離子作用于小球藻使其受到毒性影響,同時納米氧化鋅粉末的納米效應(yīng)也對小球藻起到了一定的毒性作用。納米氧化鋅加入的量越大對小球藻的毒性越強(qiáng),當(dāng)納米氧化鋅的添加量使得鋅離子的濃度到達(dá)50 mg/L時,小球藻的生長就已基本停滯。實(shí)驗(yàn)中培養(yǎng)箱的轉(zhuǎn)速也在一定程度上影響了納米氧化鋅對小球藻的作用。光照條件是影響小球藻生長的一個很重要的要素。
[Abstract]:In this paper, nanocrystalline zinc oxide powder was prepared by microwave hydrothermal method with zinc nitrate hexahydrate zinc nitrate 2 路6H 2O and sodium hydroxide sodium hydroxide as raw materials. The time and temperature of microwave reaction were systematically investigated. The effects of concentration of sodium hydroxide and different surfactants on the morphology and size of ZnO nanocrystalline were studied. The reaction conditions for the preparation of nanocrystalline ZnO with the smallest particle size and the highest yield were determined. At the same time, the morphology and structure of nanometer zinc oxide were characterized by means of XRD- TEM. The photocatalytic properties of nano-oxidized crystal particles prepared under the optimum technological conditions were investigated. And its toxic effects on Chlorella vulgaris, The results are as follows: 1. The microwave-hydrothermal method can crystallize the particles within 5 mmin to form high purity ZnO crystal 2. The optimum reaction temperature is 15 mins, the optimum reaction temperature of zinc ion and hydroxide ion is obtained. The optimum concentration ratio is 1.0, and the optimum reaction temperature is 120 鈩，

本文編號：1567928