發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-10 23:35

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 硝酸銨 添加劑 晶體變化 熱穩(wěn)定性 爆炸特性　出處：《南京理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為了研究典型添加劑對(duì)硝酸銨基礎(chǔ)性能的影響,通過選用機(jī)械混合工藝及溶液混合工藝,將NaCl、KCl和NH4H2PO4作為添加劑與硝酸銨混合,制取改性硝酸銨,采用XRD實(shí)驗(yàn)、DSC熱分析實(shí)驗(yàn)和爆速實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)改性硝酸銨的晶體變化、熱穩(wěn)定性及爆炸性能進(jìn)行了研究,對(duì)添加劑及添加工藝對(duì)硝酸銨基礎(chǔ)性能的影響作了探索。XRD試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,常溫常壓下,溶液混合制取的含NaCl、KCl和NH4H2PO4改性硝酸銨的晶格參數(shù)分別為a=4.928、b=5.438、c=5.732, a=7.677、b=5.821、c=7.140和a=4.928、b=5.438、c=5.732；機(jī)械混合制取的改性硝酸銨的晶格參數(shù)均為a=5.724、b=5.455和c=4.945,與純硝酸銨的相同,說明溶液混合工藝對(duì)硝酸銨晶體結(jié)構(gòu)有顯著的影響。在DSC試驗(yàn)中,溶液混合工藝制得的樣品,NaCl和KC1含量為10%時(shí),起始反應(yīng)溫度分別從AN的202.31℃提高到225.30℃和210.59V,NH4H2PO4含量為20%時(shí)提高到236.89℃；機(jī)械混合工藝制得的樣品,NaCl和KCl含量為10%時(shí),‘提高到215.30℃和208.24℃, NH4H2PO4含量為20%時(shí)提高到228.84℃,結(jié)果表明添加劑的加入提高了硝酸銨的熱穩(wěn)定性,溶液混合工藝對(duì)提高硝酸銨的熱穩(wěn)定性效果更好。在爆速實(shí)驗(yàn)中,溶液混合工藝制得的樣品,NaCl和KCl含量為5%時(shí),爆速為2004m/s和1860m/s,含量為10%時(shí),為1735m/s和1614m/s, NH4H2PO4含量為5%、10%、15%和20%時(shí),爆速分別為1889m/s、2006m/s、2012m/s和1695m/s；機(jī)械混合工藝制得的樣品,NaCl和KCl含量為10%時(shí)爆速為1591m/s和1425m/s, NH4H2PO4含量為15%和20%的爆速分別為1256m/s和1188m/s,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明添加劑含量及添加工藝對(duì)硝酸銨的爆速有著不同的影響。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect of typical additives on the basic properties of ammonium nitrate, the modified ammonium nitrate was prepared by mixing NaCl-KCl and NH4H2PO4 with ammonium nitrate by mechanical mixing and solution mixing. The crystal changes, thermal stability and explosive properties of modified ammonium nitrate were studied by XRD thermal analysis and detonation rate test. The effects of additives and adding technology on the basic properties of ammonium nitrate were investigated. At room temperature and atmospheric pressure, the lattice parameters of NaCl-KCl and NH4H2PO4 modified ammonium nitrate prepared by solution mixing are: a _ (4.928) B _ (+) ~ (5.438) C _ (5) C _ (5.732), a ~ (7.67 7) B ~ (5 +) ~ (5.821) C ~ (7) C ~ (7.140) and a ~ (4.928) B _ (5.438c) C _ (5.732), respectively. The lattice parameters of the modified ammonium nitrate prepared by mechanical mixing are all a _ (5.724b) _ (5.455) and ~ (4.945) ~ (th), which are the same as those of pure ammonium nitrate, and the lattice parameters of the modified ammonium nitrate prepared by mechanical mixing are all the same as those of the pure ammonium nitrate. The results show that the solution mixing process has a significant effect on the crystal structure of ammonium nitrate. In the DSC test, when the content of NaCl and KC1 in the samples prepared by the solution mixing process is 10, The initial reaction temperature was raised from 202.31 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1501710