本文關(guān)鍵詞： 聚偏氟乙烯 超濾膜 共混 納米氧化鋁 納米二氧化鈦 氧化石墨烯　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：高分子聚合物聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)由于其良好的熱穩(wěn)定性、機械穩(wěn)定性能和化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性等特點而得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用,但其固有的表面能低和表面強疏水性較易與截留的污染物質(zhì)相互作用,導(dǎo)致膜污染的快速發(fā)生和膜通量持續(xù)衰減,膜使用壽命降低,增加PVDF膜應(yīng)用過程中的成本�？刂颇の廴镜挠行緩街皇菍δげ牧线M行表面親水改性,本文分別采用納米氧化鋁(Al_2O_3)、納米二氧化鈦(TiO_2)和氧化石墨烯(GO)三種納米材料,通過共混的方法對PVDF超濾膜進行表面親水改性,制備抗污染性強和親水性高的改性超濾膜,為緩解超濾膜的膜污染提供技術(shù)支持。采用共混法制備PVDF/TiO_2和PDVF/Al_2O_3超濾膜,并對改性前后的性能特征和表面形貌進行系統(tǒng)比較,研究結(jié)果表明:共混納米無機鹽后的改性超濾膜表面親水性顯著提高、純水通量增大,且未影響對有機物的截留效率。采用掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)對超濾膜的形貌進行分析,結(jié)果表明,改性膜具有與未改性膜相似的致密結(jié)構(gòu)和指狀孔結(jié)構(gòu),納米TiO_2和Al_2O_3無機鹽顆粒較均勻的分布在膜表面,共混添加納米顆粒未影響超濾膜的形貌結(jié)構(gòu)。通過共混法制備PVDF/GO超濾膜,通過SEM表征分析顯示,改性超濾膜表面微孔數(shù)量顯著增多,斷面中指狀孔結(jié)構(gòu)增大,超濾膜的水通量顯著提升。共混GO后的超濾膜親水性提高,但是共混氧化石墨烯的超濾膜對牛血清白蛋白、酪氨酸、色氨酸類蛋白質(zhì)、可溶性生物代謝產(chǎn)物、富里酸和腐殖酸類物質(zhì)的截留效果顯著下降。優(yōu)選出綜合性能好的超濾膜研究改性親水超濾膜的抗污染性能和抑菌抗生物型污染能力,在過濾腐殖酸、蛋白質(zhì)和多糖等不同表面特性大分子有機物時,改性超濾膜的通量衰減速度及其不可逆污染阻力均顯著低于未改性超濾膜,表明親水納米材料的共混顯著提高膜的抗污染性能。將改性超濾膜用于膜生物反應(yīng)器并處理實際污水,其跨膜壓差(TMP)增長速度較未改性膜顯著減緩,且膜生物反應(yīng)器對COD、NH_4~+-N去除率可分別維持在95%、96%。同時,在抑菌抗生物型污染實驗過程中也表明改性超濾膜表面的細(xì)菌數(shù)量和種群多樣性均顯著降低,表明其突出的抗污染能力。
[Abstract]:Polyvinylidene fluoride polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer has been widely used because of its good thermal stability, mechanical stability and chemical stability. However, its inherent low surface energy and strong hydrophobicity easily interact with retained pollutants, which leads to the rapid occurrence of membrane fouling, the continuous decline of membrane flux, and the decrease of membrane service life. One of the effective ways to control membrane fouling is surface hydrophilic modification of membrane material. The surface hydrophilic modification of PVDF ultrafiltration membrane was carried out by blending three kinds of nanomaterials such as TiO-2) and graphene oxide (GOO). PVDF/TiO_2 and PDVF/Al_2O_3 ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by blending method to provide technical support for reducing membrane fouling. The results showed that the surface hydrophilicity and pure water flux of the modified ultrafiltration membrane after blending nano-inorganic salt were improved significantly. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the morphology of ultrafiltration membrane. The results showed that the modified membrane had dense structure and finger-like pore structure similar to that of unmodified membrane. Nano TiO_2 and Al_2O_3 inorganic salt particles distributed evenly on the surface of the membrane. The morphology and structure of the ultrafiltration membrane were not affected by adding nano-particles into the blend. PVDF/GO ultrafiltration membrane was prepared by blending method. SEM analysis showed that the number of micropores on the surface of modified UF membrane was significantly increased, the phallic pore structure in the section was increased, the water flux of UF membrane was significantly increased, and the hydrophilicity of UF membrane was increased after blending with go. However, the ultrafiltration membrane of mixed graphene oxide on bovine serum albumin, tyrosine, tryptophan proteins, soluble biological metabolites. The retention effect of fulvic acid and humic acid was significantly decreased. The excellent ultrafiltration membrane with good comprehensive performance was selected to study the antifouling performance and bacteriostatic anti-biological pollution ability of the modified hydrophilic ultrafiltration membrane in the filtration of humic acid. The flux attenuation rate and irreversible fouling resistance of modified ultrafiltration membrane were significantly lower than that of unmodified ultrafiltration membrane when macromolecular organic compounds with different surface characteristics such as protein and polysaccharide. The results showed that the blend of hydrophilic nanomaterials significantly improved the anti-fouling performance of the membrane. The growth rate of the transmembrane pressure difference (TMP) was significantly slower than that of the unmodified membrane when the modified ultrafiltration membrane was used in the membrane bioreactor and treated with actual sewage. The removal rate of COD _ 4 ~ -N in membrane bioreactor can be maintained at 95 ~ 96% respectively. It was also shown that the number of bacteria and the diversity of population on the surface of the modified ultrafiltration membrane were significantly decreased during the experiment of bacteriostatic and biological pollution, which indicated its outstanding anti-fouling ability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB383.1;TQ051.893

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