本文關(guān)鍵詞： 生料質(zhì)量控制 智能控制 專家系統(tǒng)　出處：《濟(jì)南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：生料質(zhì)量控制是水泥生產(chǎn)的基礎(chǔ),質(zhì)量合格、穩(wěn)定的生料不僅可以使熟料質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定,而且可以降低熟料燒成過程的難度。石灰飽和系數(shù)、硅酸率和鋁氧率是反映生料質(zhì)量的通用指標(biāo),三率值的合格與否是生料質(zhì)量好壞的直觀反映。國內(nèi)水泥生料配料過程總體上仍處于人工或半自動(dòng)控制狀態(tài),傳統(tǒng)的控制方式時(shí)間滯后性很大,且配比調(diào)整依靠的是操作員工作經(jīng)驗(yàn),沒有嚴(yán)格計(jì)算過程,受人為主觀因素影響較大,從而不能保證水泥生料質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定。前期國內(nèi)水泥企業(yè)已開始應(yīng)用元素在線分析儀,可以實(shí)時(shí)檢測入磨皮帶或出磨空氣斜槽內(nèi)生料的化學(xué)成分,為配比的自動(dòng)計(jì)算提供了基礎(chǔ)。所以,從國內(nèi)外生料質(zhì)量控制的研究現(xiàn)狀出發(fā),采用先進(jìn)控制算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)生料質(zhì)量控制的科學(xué)化、自動(dòng)化,對水泥企業(yè)控制產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量甚至穩(wěn)定窯系統(tǒng)燒成具有重要意義。本文通過對國內(nèi)多家水泥企業(yè)生料質(zhì)量控制環(huán)節(jié)的深入了解,針對傳統(tǒng)離線式和安裝了元素在線分析儀的在線式生料質(zhì)量控制分別提出了相應(yīng)的質(zhì)量控制設(shè)計(jì)方案。本文主要工作內(nèi)容如下:(1)離線式生料質(zhì)量控制不能得到生料成分實(shí)時(shí)反饋結(jié)果,使用數(shù)據(jù)為化驗(yàn)室每小時(shí)的報(bào)樣。為了解決離線調(diào)整的弊端,提出如下控制方案:針對人工控制時(shí)遇到的特殊工況,設(shè)計(jì)了專家控制器,進(jìn)行分工況處理;充分總結(jié)現(xiàn)場操作人員操作經(jīng)驗(yàn),并結(jié)合化驗(yàn)室人員建議,形成專家控制器的規(guī)則庫,從而達(dá)到自動(dòng)控制模仿人工控制規(guī)則的目的;配比的計(jì)算使用增量式尋優(yōu)方法,減小了由于原料成分代表性差、波動(dòng)大帶來的誤差。(2)在線式生料質(zhì)量控制由于安裝了元素在線分析儀,可以得到生料成分實(shí)時(shí)反饋結(jié)果。元素在線分析儀由于原理不同分為磨后應(yīng)用與磨前應(yīng)用。兩種應(yīng)用均可以實(shí)時(shí)檢測生料成分,大大減少了滯后時(shí)間。針對兩種在線式應(yīng)用,本文提出的控制方案類似:根據(jù)元素分析儀的反饋、響應(yīng)周期的設(shè)定和三率值設(shè)定智能選擇使用偏差控制器、趨勢控制器和前饋控制器輸出三率值的不同工況,并將此作為專家控制器的輸入,由專家控制器輸出相應(yīng)的調(diào)節(jié)方案。(3)根據(jù)離線式生料質(zhì)量控制的特點(diǎn)及設(shè)計(jì)方案開發(fā)了離線式生料質(zhì)量控制軟件。由于應(yīng)用現(xiàn)場沒有在線條件,故該軟件完全離線,不在線實(shí)時(shí)獲取生料全分析數(shù)據(jù),也不在線實(shí)時(shí)修改DCS配料秤給定。生料全分析數(shù)據(jù)依靠人工輸入,計(jì)算配比顯示在軟件界面上,再由操作員手動(dòng)修改DCS配料秤給定。該軟件使用VB編寫。(4)根據(jù)在線式生料質(zhì)量控制的特點(diǎn)及設(shè)計(jì)方案開發(fā)了在線式生料質(zhì)量控制軟件。軟件通過OPC分別與DCS和分析儀進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)通訊,結(jié)合SQL Server數(shù)據(jù)庫對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)讀寫操作,完成成分讀取與配比計(jì)算輸出過程。該軟件亦使用VB編寫。
[Abstract]:Raw meal quality control is the basis of cement production. Qualified and stable raw meal can not only make clinker quality stable, but also reduce the difficulty of clinker sintering process and lime saturation coefficient. The ratio of silicic acid and aluminum oxide is a general index to reflect the quality of raw material, and the quality of raw meal is directly reflected by whether the three ratio values are qualified or not. The process of cement raw meal batching in China is still in the state of manual or semi-automatic control on the whole. The traditional control mode has a great lag in time, and the proportion adjustment depends on the operator's working experience, there is no strict calculation process, and it is greatly influenced by human subjective factors. Therefore, the quality of cement raw material can not be guaranteed. In the early stage, domestic cement enterprises have started to use element on-line analyzer, which can detect the chemical composition of raw material in the slant groove of grinding skin or air in real time. It provides the basis for the automatic calculation of the proportion. Therefore, starting from the current research situation of raw meal quality control at home and abroad, the advanced control algorithm is adopted to realize the scientific and automatic raw meal quality control. It is of great significance for cement enterprises to control the quality of products and even to stabilize the firing of kiln system. This paper makes a thorough understanding of the quality control links of raw materials in many domestic cement enterprises. The corresponding quality control design schemes for traditional off-line and on-line raw meal quality control systems with element on-line analyzer are proposed. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1). The quality control of off-line raw meal can not get the real-time feedback result of raw material composition. In order to solve the problem of off-line adjustment, the following control schemes are put forward: according to the special working conditions encountered in manual control, the expert controller is designed to deal with the sub-working conditions; The operation experience of field operators is summarized, and the rule base of expert controller is formed in combination with the advice of laboratory personnel, so as to achieve the purpose of automatic control and imitation of manual control rules. The incremental optimization method was used to reduce the error caused by the large fluctuation of raw material composition, and the on-line raw meal quality control was due to the installation of element on-line analyzer. The element on-line analyzer can be divided into post-grinding application and pre-grinding application because of different principles. Both applications can be used to detect raw meal composition in real time. The delay time is greatly reduced. For two on-line applications, the control scheme proposed in this paper is similar: according to the feedback of the element analyzer, the setting of response period and the setting of three-rate value, the intelligent selection using deviation controller. The trend controller and the feedforward controller output three rate values in different working conditions, and this is taken as the input of the expert controller. According to the characteristics of off-line raw meal quality control and the design scheme, the off-line raw meal quality control software is developed. Because there is no on-line condition in the application field. Therefore, the software is completely off-line, not on-line real-time acquisition of raw material total analysis data, nor online real-time modification of DCS batching scale given. Raw meal total analysis data rely on manual input, the calculation ratio is displayed on the software interface. Then the operator manually modifies the DCS batching scale given. The software is written with VB. According to the characteristics and design scheme of on-line raw material quality control, the software of on-line raw meal quality control is developed. The software communicates with DCS and analyzer separately through OPC. Combined with SQL Server database to read and write the data in real time, the process of component reading and proportion calculation and output is completed. The software is also written in VB.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟(jì)南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ172.6

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