聚四氟乙烯平板膜的親水改性研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-01-20 01:52
本文關(guān)鍵詞: PTFE平板膜 膜分離技術(shù) 親水改性 抗污性 出處:《浙江理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:隨著膜分離技術(shù)的發(fā)展,越來越多的膜材料被用于環(huán)保、水處理等領(lǐng)域。聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)平板膜因其耐酸、耐堿、耐化學(xué)腐蝕性和高孔隙率、高通量等優(yōu)點(diǎn),被視為水處理領(lǐng)域理想的過濾材料,可適應(yīng)苛刻的過濾環(huán)境。但因PTFE平板膜表面極強(qiáng)的疏水性,表面潤(rùn)濕性差,限制了其在水處理領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用,故對(duì)PTFE平板膜表面進(jìn)行親水改性已成為國(guó)內(nèi)外廣大研究者們關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。 本文在了解傳統(tǒng)化學(xué)改性對(duì)PTFE平板膜本體結(jié)構(gòu)破壞大的基礎(chǔ)上,提出一種親水材料為“藤”、PTFE平板膜中的原纖為“樹”的“藤纏樹”物理親水改性方法。利用粘合劑將親水性物質(zhì)通過化學(xué)交聯(lián)牢固的附著于膜表面,通過掃描電鏡(SEM)、傅立葉變換紅外光譜(FTIR)、表面接觸角等研究PTFE平板膜改性前后表面結(jié)構(gòu)與親水性;并測(cè)試改性前后PTFE平板膜的過濾性能及抗蛋白污染性。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)論如下: (1)采用聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)的乙醇溶液浸潤(rùn)膜并在NaOH的堿性催化下,在膜表面發(fā)生水解反應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:改性膜表面仍保持“原纖-結(jié)點(diǎn)”的網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu),部分原纖變細(xì),結(jié)點(diǎn)變大,且部分結(jié)點(diǎn)上附著有固體物質(zhì),微孔較原膜增大,孔隙率稍有下降;改性膜表面出現(xiàn)親水性基團(tuán)-OH和-COOH,接觸角由137.1°降到76.8°,初始水通量達(dá)1043.9kg·m-2·h-1,具有良好的親水持久性;對(duì)水晶碾磨廢水的濁度去除率達(dá)99.88%,且降低了對(duì)牛血清蛋白(BSA)的吸附性。實(shí)驗(yàn)最優(yōu)條件:PBA的乙醇溶液濃度為30g·L-1、NaOH溶液濃度為0.3M、水解溫度為70℃、水解時(shí)間為2h。 (2)采用聚苯乙烯磺酸鈉(PSS)為親水劑,聚乙烯醇(PVA)為粘合劑,戊二醛(GA)為交聯(lián)劑,對(duì)PTFE平板膜進(jìn)行親水改性。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:未改性PTFE平板膜具有原纖-結(jié)點(diǎn)的蜘蛛網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu),孔徑分布均勻,孔隙率高;經(jīng)親水改性后膜表面仍保持原纖-結(jié)點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu),部分結(jié)點(diǎn)變大,原纖變粗,平均孔徑較原膜小,孔隙率下降;改性膜表面出現(xiàn)親水性基團(tuán)-OH和-SO3Na,接觸角由137.1°降到66.1°,初始水通量達(dá)963.9kg·m-2·h-1,,具有良好的親水持久性;對(duì)水晶碾磨廢水的濁度去除率達(dá)99.84%,提高了膜的抗蛋白污染性。實(shí)驗(yàn)最優(yōu)條件:PVA的濃度為30g·L-1、GA的濃度為35.7g·L-1,PSS的濃度為26g·L-1,將PTFE平板膜浸漬于上述試劑的混和溶液并在70℃下烘焙。 (3)采用聚丙烯酸(PAA)與PVA酯化交聯(lián)改性PTFE平板膜。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:改性膜仍保持原纖-結(jié)點(diǎn)的網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu),部分結(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)生并合現(xiàn)象,原纖變粗,部分膜孔較原膜變大,孔隙率下降;改性PTFE平板膜表面出現(xiàn)-COOH、-OH、C=O等親水性基團(tuán),接觸角從137.1°降到65.3°,初始水通量可達(dá)158.9kg·m-2·h-1,具有良好的親水持久性;經(jīng)測(cè)試,其對(duì)BSA的吸附性較原膜低,能有效抑制BSA的吸附,抗污性好。實(shí)驗(yàn)最佳條件:PAA/PVA質(zhì)量比為3/1,添加少量的混合交聯(lián)劑,酯化溫度為100℃。
[Abstract]:With the development of membrane separation technology , more and more membrane materials are used in the fields of environmental protection , water treatment , etc . The polytetrafluoroethylene ( PTFE ) flat membrane is regarded as the ideal filter material in the field of water treatment because of its acid resistance , alkali resistance , chemical corrosion resistance and high porosity and high flux . On the basis of understanding the damage of traditional chemical modification on the structure of PTFE flat membrane , a physical hydrophilic modification method of " vine " was proposed . The hydrophilic material was firmly attached to the surface of the membrane by chemical crosslinking . The surface structure and hydrophilicity of PTFE flat membrane were investigated by means of SEM , FTIR , surface contact angle , etc . The properties of the PTFE flat membrane before and after the modification were tested . The experimental results show that the surface of modified membrane retains the net structure of " original fiber - node " . The experimental results show that the surface of modified membrane retains the net structure of " original fiber - node " . The surface of the modified membrane has increased porosity , the contact angle decreases from 137.1 擄 to 76.8 擄 , the initial water flux reaches 99.88 % , the concentration of the NaOH solution is 0.3M , the hydrolysis temperature is 70 鈩
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