【摘要】：2008年，因中海油潿洲油田廢棄管線殘存油外溢造成廣西潿洲島海域漂油污染，2009年、2011年臺風(fēng)影響期間廣西海域又出現(xiàn)漂油；2009年以來，廣西海域出現(xiàn)多起船舶溢油事故，且多年監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)表明，廣西主要江河污染物入海量中石油類含量緩慢上升。 海上石油類污染危害海洋漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)，甚至導(dǎo)致部分海域完全喪失漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力；影響沿海群眾的正常生活，且污染濱海各類景點(diǎn)、導(dǎo)致海上旅游活動(dòng)無法開展；油污的清理、突發(fā)事故的處置工作耗費(fèi)大量的人力、物力、財(cái)力等社會(huì)資源。蓬萊19-3油田溢油事故后，國家海洋局加大對海洋石油污染的監(jiān)管工作，廣西海洋局為加強(qiáng)海洋石油類污染應(yīng)急管理開展了專題調(diào)研。廣西北部灣海域從地理位置上與越南接壤，沿海灘涂的紅樹林面積占全國的40%左右，潿洲島周圍淺海有珍稀珊瑚礁分布，海上石油類污染事故的發(fā)生，極可能對北部灣沿海自然環(huán)境、民眾生活乃至國際關(guān)系都造成巨大影響。 隨著北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)開放開發(fā)的興起，廣西沿海區(qū)域社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的逐步增長，北部灣海洋石油開采、海洋交通運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，如何在高速發(fā)展中防范海洋油污染事故的發(fā)生，如何在海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)中引入風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范機(jī)制，是廣西海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要課題。 本文以廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展情況為基礎(chǔ)，，針對海域油污染潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)源進(jìn)行梳理歸納，分析油污染對廣西海洋環(huán)境和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)及國際關(guān)系的影響，探討海洋油污染的日常防范與應(yīng)急管理對策措施。通過搜集調(diào)查廣西沿海社會(huì)、海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展情況，廣西海洋環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)，廣西油氣資源儲量與開發(fā)狀況，廣西港口航道建設(shè)和石油運(yùn)輸規(guī)模等，整理歷年廣西海洋石油污染事故的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，分析廣西海洋石油類污染潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)源，預(yù)估事故造成的自然、社會(huì)影響，從日常管理和應(yīng)急處置兩方面為海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)管理部門提出有針對性的污染的預(yù)防措施與應(yīng)急處置建議，填補(bǔ)廣西海洋環(huán)境應(yīng)急管理工作在石油類污染事故方面的空白。 加強(qiáng)廣西海洋石油類污染的防范與應(yīng)急管理工作，減少甚至避免廣西海洋石油類污染事故的發(fā)生，既可以保護(hù)廣西北部灣優(yōu)良的海洋環(huán)境，又減少社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，避免國際矛盾，是廣西海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)工作關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)之一。
[Abstract]:In 2008, due to the residual oil spill of abandoned pipeline in Weizhou Oilfield of CNOOC, drifting oil pollution occurred in Weizhou Island, Guangxi, and drifting oil appeared in Guangxi during the typhoon in 2009 and 2011. Since 2009, there have been a number of ship oil spills in Guangxi, and the monitoring data for many years show that the oil content in the main river pollutants in Guangxi has increased slowly. Offshore oil pollution endangers marine fishery production, and even leads to the complete loss of fishery production capacity in some sea areas, which affects the normal life of coastal people and pollutes all kinds of coastal scenic spots, resulting in the inability to carry out offshore tourism activities. The cleaning of oil pollution and the disposal of sudden accidents consume a lot of human, material, financial and other social resources. After the oil spill accident in Penglai 19 oil field, the State Oceanic Administration increased the supervision and control of offshore oil pollution, and Guangxi Oceanic Bureau conducted a special investigation to strengthen the emergency management of offshore oil pollution. The Beibu Gulf of Guangxi borders Vietnam geographically. The area of mangroves along the coastal beaches accounts for about 40% of the country. There are rare coral reefs in the shallow waters around Weizhou Island, and the occurrence of offshore oil pollution accidents. It is likely to have a great impact on the coastal natural environment, people's life and even international relations in Beibu Gulf. With the rise of the open development of Beibu Gulf Economic Zone, the gradual growth of social economy in Guangxi coastal areas, the rapid development of offshore oil exploitation in Beibu Gulf and the rapid development of marine transportation industry, how to prevent the occurrence of marine oil pollution accidents in the course of rapid development. How to introduce risk prevention mechanism into marine environmental protection is an important topic of marine environmental protection in Guangxi. Based on the social and economic development of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone, this paper combs and sums up the potential risk sources of oil pollution in the sea area, and analyzes the influence of oil pollution on the marine environment, social economy and international relations in Guangxi. This paper probes into the daily prevention and emergency management countermeasures of marine oil pollution. By collecting and investigating the coastal society of Guangxi, the development of marine economy, the basic data of marine environment of Guangxi, the reserves and development of oil and gas resources in Guangxi, the construction of port and waterway in Guangxi and the scale of oil transportation, etc. Sorting out the experience and lessons of offshore oil pollution accidents in Guangxi over the years, analyzing the potential risk sources of offshore oil pollution in Guangxi, and predicting the natural and social impact of the accidents. This paper puts forward some preventive measures and emergency disposal suggestions for marine environmental protection management departments from two aspects of daily management and emergency disposal, so as to fill in the blank of oil pollution accidents in the emergency management of marine environment in Guangxi. Strengthening the prevention and emergency management of offshore oil pollution in Guangxi and reducing or even avoiding the occurrence of offshore oil pollution accidents in Guangxi can not only protect the excellent marine environment in Beibu Gulf of Guangxi, but also reduce social and economic losses. Avoiding international contradictions is one of the key points of marine environmental protection in Guangxi.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X55

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