【摘要】：孤立樁柱、導(dǎo)管架平臺(tái)、海底管線等是海洋工程中普遍存在的結(jié)構(gòu)物,當(dāng)其被海浪包圍部分的橫向尺寸D與波長(zhǎng)L之比小于0.2一般稱為小尺度結(jié)構(gòu)物。水流和波浪是海洋工程中最主要的兩種外在荷載,關(guān)于水流和波浪與海洋工程小尺度構(gòu)筑物相互作用問(wèn)題一直是人們研究的重點(diǎn),也是海洋工程中尚未很好解決的主要問(wèn)題之一。高性能計(jì)算機(jī)將一種非常重要的和新的研究方法—計(jì)算流體力學(xué)方法引入到流體力學(xué)中,從而產(chǎn)生了研究流體運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律的“第三種方法”—計(jì)算流體力學(xué)。利用高性能電子計(jì)算機(jī),能夠克服理論分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的缺點(diǎn),深化對(duì)于流體運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)并提高解決工程實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力。計(jì)算流體力學(xué)數(shù)值模擬能幫助理解流體力學(xué)問(wèn)題,為實(shí)驗(yàn)提供指導(dǎo),為設(shè)計(jì)提供參考,從而節(jié)省人力、物力和時(shí)間,給出詳細(xì)和完整的資料,很容易模擬特殊尺寸、高溫、有毒、易燃等真實(shí)條件和實(shí)驗(yàn)中只能接近而無(wú)法達(dá)到的理想條件。本文在考慮流體的粘性、湍流和自由液面流動(dòng)等前提條件下,選取海洋工程中的小尺度物體相關(guān)水動(dòng)力問(wèn)題作為研究?jī)?nèi)容,選擇了浸入邊界法和流體體積法相結(jié)合的數(shù)值計(jì)算模型進(jìn)行數(shù)值計(jì)算,分別給出了浸入邊界法和流體體積法兩種方法的數(shù)值表達(dá)、求解步驟和方法驗(yàn)證。提出了一種浸入邊界法中通過(guò)直接求解外加力源項(xiàng)的數(shù)值計(jì)算方法。給出了浸入邊界法中連續(xù)力法和離散力法兩種不同外加力源項(xiàng)處理方式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和計(jì)算步驟,離散力法采用直接在物面附近的流場(chǎng)節(jié)點(diǎn)上求解作用力源項(xiàng),而不通過(guò)插值、外推的方式來(lái)求解力源項(xiàng),本文采用離散力法類浸入邊界法進(jìn)行數(shù)值計(jì)算。詳細(xì)給出了建立浸入邊界法數(shù)值模型的實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程,采用有限差分法對(duì)控制方程進(jìn)行離散和半隱式的兩步式投影法對(duì)N-S方程進(jìn)行求解,并給出了外加力源項(xiàng)fin+1的數(shù)值計(jì)算方法,最后給出了浸入邊界法的數(shù)值模型的數(shù)值實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程。通過(guò)數(shù)值計(jì)算層流狀況下的固定圓柱繞流和旋轉(zhuǎn)圓柱繞流經(jīng)典算例對(duì)于本文建立的數(shù)值模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,將數(shù)值計(jì)算結(jié)果與其他人的試驗(yàn)和數(shù)值結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,結(jié)果對(duì)比良好,從而證明建立的數(shù)值計(jì)算模型正確可行。詳細(xì)論述了VOF的界面重構(gòu)方法和用于界面捕捉的基本思想,建立VOF方程。數(shù)值計(jì)算中選取的時(shí)間步長(zhǎng)必須滿足一定的要求,為保持?jǐn)?shù)值計(jì)算的穩(wěn)定性本章給出了利用VOF方法求解時(shí)的三個(gè)限定條件。為檢驗(yàn)數(shù)值模型的可靠性,文中以復(fù)雜自由表面湍流動(dòng)問(wèn)題為例對(duì)其進(jìn)行數(shù)值驗(yàn)證,主要對(duì)二維矩形液艙受迫運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)的流體晃蕩問(wèn)題和潰壩流動(dòng)的層流問(wèn)題驗(yàn)證。建立了一種基于浸入邊界法(IBM)和流體體積法(VOF)的數(shù)值計(jì)算模型。將建立的浸入邊界法(IBM)和流體體積法(VOF)相結(jié)合的數(shù)值計(jì)算模型進(jìn)行了數(shù)值驗(yàn)證,主要通過(guò)線性周期波通過(guò)梯形物體和孤立波通過(guò)矩形物體兩個(gè)算例進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,將本文的數(shù)值計(jì)算結(jié)果與已有結(jié)果對(duì)比從而證明本文建立的數(shù)值模型正確可靠,可以很好的求解波浪與結(jié)構(gòu)物的相互作用。然后利用建立的數(shù)值模型對(duì)波浪作用下近壁圓柱進(jìn)行了數(shù)值計(jì)算,該模型可較好的模擬波浪作用下的近壁面圓柱繞流過(guò)程,相比于目前僅可模擬穩(wěn)定流與結(jié)構(gòu)物作用的模型,該模型解決了近壁圓柱波浪作用過(guò)程的數(shù)值模擬問(wèn)題,為進(jìn)一步研究近壁面圓柱在波浪作用下的水動(dòng)力特性提供了基礎(chǔ)。波浪作用下的近壁面圓柱繞流的渦脫落模式是“P+S”,與已有實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相符�；谒沙谠觳ǚㄩ_(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)適用于求解波浪作用問(wèn)題的求解器waveFoam,建立了一種三維數(shù)值波浪水槽模型。該模型利用開(kāi)源數(shù)值計(jì)算軟件OpenFoam,通過(guò)利用OpenFoam中已有的求解器interFoam開(kāi)發(fā)了新的求解器,該模型可有效的實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)值波浪水槽造波、傳播和消波等過(guò)程,利用該數(shù)值水槽可成功的解決了直立圓柱波浪爬升模擬問(wèn)題。選用兩種不同的波浪參數(shù),探討了波陡參數(shù)對(duì)柱體周圍的波浪爬升效應(yīng)及其所受載荷的影響。與勢(shì)流模型相比,本文采用的粘性流模型可以較好的捕捉實(shí)驗(yàn)中出現(xiàn)的二次波峰現(xiàn)象。計(jì)算表明,本文建立的數(shù)值水槽可以較好用于直立圓柱波浪爬升問(wèn)題的計(jì)算。
[Abstract]:The isolated pile, the jacket platform, the submarine pipeline and the like are the ubiquitous structures in the ocean engineering, and the ratio of the transverse dimension D to the wavelength L when it is surrounded by the sea wave is less than 0.2, which is generally referred to as a small-scale structure. Water flow and wave are the main two kinds of external load in ocean engineering, and the interaction of water flow and wave and small-scale structures of ocean engineering has been the focus of people's research, and is one of the main problems that have not been solved well in the ocean engineering. A very important and new method of computational fluid dynamics is introduced into the fluid mechanics by a high-performance computer, which results in the "the third method" of fluid dynamics and the computational fluid dynamics. With high-performance electronic computer, it is possible to overcome the shortcomings of theoretical analysis and experimental research, to deepen the understanding of the law of fluid movement and to improve the ability to solve the practical problems of the project. The computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation can help to understand the fluid mechanics problem, provide guidance for the experiment and provide reference for the design, thus saving manpower, material resources and time, giving detailed and complete data, Flammable and other real conditions and the ideal conditions that can only be achieved in the experiment. In this paper, the hydrodynamic problem of small-scale objects in ocean engineering is selected as the research content under the precondition of considering the viscosity, turbulence and free liquid level flow of the fluid, and the numerical calculation model of the combination of the immersion boundary method and the fluid volume method is selected for numerical calculation. The numerical expression, the solution and the method validation of the two methods of the immersion boundary method and the fluid volume method are respectively given. In this paper, a method for calculating the numerical value of an applied force source term is proposed in the immersion boundary method. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the method of continuous force method and discrete force method in the immersion boundary method are given, and the calculation step and the discrete force method are used to solve the force source term directly on the flow field node near the object surface, and the force source term is not solved by means of interpolation and extrapolation. In this paper, the method of discrete force method is used for numerical calculation. In this paper, the process of establishing the numerical model of the immersion boundary method is given in detail. The two-step projection method is used to solve the control equation by means of a two-step projection method. Finally, the numerical solution of the numerical model of the immersion boundary method is given. In this paper, the numerical model is verified by the numerical calculation of the flow around the fixed cylinder and the flow of the rotating cylinder, and the numerical results are compared with the experimental and numerical results of the others, and the results are good. So that the established numerical calculation model is correct and feasible. In this paper, the interface reconstruction method of the VOF and the basic idea for the interface capture are discussed in detail, and the VOF equation is established. The time steps selected in the numerical calculation must meet certain requirements. In order to maintain the stability of the numerical calculation, the three limiting conditions are given in this chapter. In order to test the reliability of the numerical model, the numerical verification of the turbulent dynamic problem of the complex free surface is taken as an example, and the problem of fluid sloshing and the laminar flow of the dam-break flow during the forced motion of the two-dimensional rectangular liquid tank are mainly verified. A numerical calculation model based on the immersion boundary method (IBM) and the fluid volume method (VOF) is established. The numerical calculation model of the established immersion boundary method (IBM) and the fluid volume method (VOF) is used for numerical verification, which is mainly verified by two numerical examples of a rectangular object through a trapezoidal object and an isolated wave through a linear periodic wave, The numerical results of this paper are compared with the existing results to prove that the numerical model established in this paper is correct and reliable, and the interaction between the wave and the structure can be well solved. the numerical calculation of the near-wall cylinder under the action of the wave is then carried out by using the established numerical model, the model can simulate the flow of the near-wall cylinder under the action of the wave, and compared with the model which can only simulate the action of the steady flow and the structure at present, The model solves the numerical simulation problem of the wave action process of the near-wall cylinder, and provides a basis for further studying the hydrodynamic characteristics of the near-wall cylinder under the action of wave. The vortex shedding mode of the flow around the cylindrical wall under the action of wave is the "P+S", which is in line with the experimental results. A three-dimensional numerical wave water tank model is developed based on the relaxation wave-making method, which is suitable for solving the wave action problem. The model uses open source numerical calculation software, OpenFoam, to develop a new solver by using an existing solver, inter, of OpenFoam, which can effectively realize the process of wave-making, propagation and wave-elimination of the numerical wave water tank. And the numerical water tank can successfully solve the problem of vertical cylindrical wave climbing simulation. Two different wave parameters are used to study the effect of wave-steep parameters on the wave-climbing effect around the column and its load. Compared with the potential flow model, the viscous flow model adopted in this paper can capture the secondary peak in the experiment. The calculation shows that the numerical flume established in this paper can be used for the calculation of the climbing problem of the vertical cylindrical wave.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P75;P731.2

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