港口工程影響下萊州灣南岸海洋沉積環(huán)境演變研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-23 00:44
【摘要】：萊州灣南岸資源豐富、人口密集、海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)，人類活動(dòng)對(duì)海岸環(huán)境影響顯著。同時(shí)萊州灣區(qū)域地質(zhì)構(gòu)造復(fù)雜、地貌類型多樣，南岸地區(qū)水深較淺、地勢(shì)低平，發(fā)育典型的粉砂質(zhì)海岸，萊州灣南岸海域成為十分典型的受自然因素和人為因素共同作用下的海洋環(huán)境敏感區(qū)。近年來，在大型港口工程的影響下，萊州灣南岸的海洋沉積環(huán)境不斷演化。因此對(duì)萊州灣南岸的海洋沉積環(huán)境演化過程進(jìn)行研究，綜合分析濰坊港的建設(shè)對(duì)附近海洋環(huán)境的影響，對(duì)于保護(hù)周邊海洋環(huán)境、合理集約開發(fā)與利用海洋資源具有一定的理論與實(shí)際意義。 本文根據(jù)研究區(qū)萊州灣西南側(cè)海域的147個(gè)表層沉積物樣品、萊州灣及濰坊港附近海域3期海圖資料、萊州灣10個(gè)站位的實(shí)測(cè)海流資料以及萊州灣南側(cè)近岸海域2個(gè)沉積物柱狀巖芯樣品的粒度、測(cè)年、重金屬、磁化率等資料，對(duì)研究區(qū)表層沉積物分布特征、輸運(yùn)趨勢(shì)和輸運(yùn)通量、水深岸線演化特征、水動(dòng)力環(huán)境變化特征、現(xiàn)代沉積速率及地球化學(xué)變化特征等進(jìn)行了研究，綜合分析了近年來在港口工程影響下的萊州灣南岸海洋沉積環(huán)境演變情況。本文主要研究成果如下： 研究區(qū)表層沉積物類型分布呈現(xiàn)明顯的平行岸線的條帶狀特征，由岸向海沉積物類型依次為砂-粉砂質(zhì)砂-砂質(zhì)粉砂-粘土質(zhì)粉砂；沉積物平均粒徑等值線基本與岸線保持平行，總體上呈現(xiàn)由岸向海逐漸變小的趨勢(shì)；近岸沉積物分布受濰坊港影響明顯，各參數(shù)等值線均在港口處發(fā)生向岸的彎曲，港口兩側(cè)海域表層沉積物粒徑變細(xì)。該海域表層沉積物的分布特征主要受沉積物物源、波浪潮流及港口工程等的共同控制和影響。 近岸區(qū)海洋波浪等水動(dòng)力作用較強(qiáng)，離岸30~40km外相對(duì)開闊的遠(yuǎn)岸海域水深較大、海洋水動(dòng)力相對(duì)平穩(wěn)，其對(duì)應(yīng)的沉積環(huán)境相對(duì)較弱，受港口影響其兩側(cè)沉積動(dòng)力環(huán)境有所減弱。研究區(qū)西南部近岸海域，表層沉積物整體呈由岸向海輸運(yùn)的趨勢(shì)，港口東側(cè)近岸海域表層沉積物沿岸線方向自東向西輸運(yùn)，部分沉積物在濰坊港東側(cè)堆積；研究區(qū)西北側(cè)海域表層沉積物呈現(xiàn)出向南側(cè)方向的輸運(yùn)趨勢(shì)，這主要是受黃河三角洲細(xì)粒沉積物向南輸送的影響。 1984~2002年萊州灣西側(cè)黃河口附近海域岸線受黃河來水來沙及入海口位置的影響，岸線及等深線向海突出，萊州灣南側(cè)岸線及等深線變化不大。濰坊港附近海域岸線在1984~2007年間岸線明顯向海推進(jìn)，形成大量新的人工岸線，該海域5m等深線不斷向海推進(jìn)，前進(jìn)總距離約為1500~3000m。濰坊港附近海域1984～2007年整體以淤積為主，其中1984～2002年、2002～2007年平均淤積速率約為2cm/a、7cm/a，濰坊港的建設(shè)使港口東西兩側(cè)海域出現(xiàn)了一定程度的淤積，而在引堤端頭處出現(xiàn)了小范圍沖刷區(qū)。 研究區(qū)漲急時(shí)刻潮流場(chǎng)在黃河三角洲附近流向發(fā)生偏轉(zhuǎn)并形成高流速區(qū)，其他區(qū)域流速由海向岸逐漸減小。2002年黃河口附近高流速區(qū)位置向東南方向移動(dòng)，灣口一線海域流速增大，濰坊港10km引堤堤頭處流速增大，引堤兩側(cè)流速減小。2007年濰坊港環(huán)抱式防波堤堤頭處流速增大，，港口工程兩側(cè)特別是東側(cè)海域流速減小。在大風(fēng)作用下萊州灣海域有效波高由岸向海逐漸增大，2002年后黃河口沙嘴會(huì)對(duì)其南側(cè)海域形成有效掩護(hù)，濰坊港工程會(huì)對(duì)其東側(cè)或西側(cè)附近海域起到一定的掩護(hù)作用，使有效波高減小，海洋動(dòng)力條件減弱。 萊州灣南岸濰坊港附近海域3m以淺沉積物粒度較粗，沉積物類型以粉砂質(zhì)砂為主，WF1孔230cm以淺、WF2孔218cm以淺沉積層為1855年黃河改道進(jìn)入渤海后的沉積，沉積物中分布的細(xì)粒薄層是在風(fēng)暴潮等極端海況條件下沉積下來的黃河細(xì)粒物質(zhì)，這一時(shí)期萊州灣南岸沉積速率較小約為0.3~0.5cm/a；1997年和2007年兩期濰坊港工程的建設(shè)對(duì)附近海域沉積環(huán)境有較大影響，沉積速率明顯增大，1997~2007年間WF1孔、WF2孔的沉積速率分別為5.1cm/a和3.5cm/a；研究區(qū)沉積物中重金屬含量受到人類活動(dòng)影響較小，沒有明顯的重金屬富集。
[Abstract]:The southern shore of the Laizhou Bay is rich in resources, the population is dense, the marine economy is developed, and the human activities have a significant impact on the coastal environment. At the same time, the regional geological structure of the Laizhou Bay is complex, the types of the landforms are diverse, the water depth in the south bank is shallow, the terrain is low and the typical silty coast is developed, and the sea area on the south bank of the Laizhou Bay is a typical marine environment sensitive area under the action of natural factors and human factors. In recent years, under the influence of large port engineering, the marine sedimentary environment on the south bank of Laizhou Bay is evolving. Therefore, the evolution of the marine sedimentary environment on the south bank of the Laizhou Bay is studied, and the influence of the construction of the Fangfang Port on the marine environment in the vicinity is analyzed comprehensively. It is of theoretical and practical significance for the protection of the marine environment, the rational and intensive development and the utilization of the marine resources. According to the sea area of 147 surface sediments in the southwest of the Laizhou Bay in the research area, the measured current data of the 10 stations in the Laizhou Bay and the grain size of the two sediment column core samples in the south of the Laizhou Bay are measured according to the data of the three charts of the sea area in the southwest of the Laizhou Bay of the study area, the measured current data of the 10 stations in the Laizhou Bay, and the size and the granularity of the two sediment column core samples in the The characteristics of surface sediment distribution, transport trend and transport flux, water depth shoreline evolution, water dynamic environment change, modern deposition rate and geochemical characteristics of the surface sediments in the study area have been studied in terms of the data such as annual, heavy metal, magnetic susceptibility and so on. In this paper, the evolution of the marine sedimentary environment on the south bank of the Laizhou Bay under the influence of the port engineering has been comprehensively analyzed. The main research results of this paper are as follows: Under the following conditions, the distribution of surface sediment type in the study area presents a significant strip-like feature of the parallel shoreline, and the type of sediment from the shore to the sea is sand-silty sand-sandy silt-clayey silt, and the average particle size of the sediment is basically similar to that of the shoreline. In parallel, the trend of gradually decreasing from the shore to the sea is presented as a whole; the distribution of the near-shore deposit is affected by the harbor area, and the contour line of each parameter is bent at the port, and the surface layer sediment grains on both sides of the port The distribution of surface sediments in the sea area is mainly controlled by the source of sediment, wave power and port engineering. And the marine water power is relatively stable, the corresponding sedimentary environment is relatively weak, and the power ring is deposited on both sides of the port influenced by the port. In the near-shore area of the south-west of the study area, the whole of the surface sediments is transported by the shore to the sea. The coastal line direction of the surface sediments in the east of the port is transported from the east to the west, and some of the sediments are in the coastal area. On the east side of the port, the surface sediments in the northwest of the study area show a tendency to transport to the south, which is mainly due to the fine-grained sediments of the Yellow River Delta The effect of transportation. The coastline of the sea area near the Yellow River estuary in the west of the Laizhou Bay from 1984 to 2002 is affected by the water and sand of the Yellow River and the position of the estuary, the coastline and the deep line project to the sea, and the coastline of the south of the Laizhou Bay and the coastline of the south of the Laizhou Bay The change of the line is not small. The coastline of the sea area in the vicinity of the Fangfang Port is obviously advanced to the sea during the period from 1984 to 2007, so as to form a large number of new artificial coastline, and the depth of 5m and other deep lines of the sea area are continuously advancing to the sea, and the total distance of the advance is about 150. From 1984 to 2002, the average deposition rate between 2002 and 2007 was about 2 cm/ a,7 cm/ a, and the construction of Fangfang Port caused some degree of siltation to the sea area on both sides of the port and appeared at the end of the levee. The flow field near the Yellow River Delta is deflected and a high flow velocity area is formed. The flow velocity of the other areas is gradually reduced from the sea to the shore. The location of the high flow area near the Yellow River estuary in 2002 is shifted to the southeast, and the bay The flow rate of the first-line sea area is increased, and the flow rate at the bank head of the 10km levee of the Fangfang Port is increased, and the flow velocity at the two sides of the levee is reduced. The flow rate of the surrounding-type breakwater at the harbor of the Qinfang Port in 2007 is increased, and the two sides of the port project are especially The flow velocity of the east sea area is reduced. The effective wave height in the sea area of the Laizhou Bay is gradually increased from the shore to the sea under the action of strong wind. In 2002, the mouth of the Yellow River mouth will form an effective cover for the sea area in the south of the sea area, and the harbor project will act as a cover for the sea area in the east or west of the sea area, so that the effective wave height is reduced. The marine dynamic condition is weakened. The sea area in the vicinity of the South Bank of Laizhou Bay is 3 m with a coarse sediment grain size, the sediment type is mainly silty sand, the WF1 hole 230cm is shallow, the WF2 hole is 218 cm, and the shallow deposit layer is 1855 years yellow. The deposit of the river diversion into the Bohai Sea, the fine-grained thin layer distributed in the sediments is the fine-grained material of the Yellow River, which is deposited under the extreme sea conditions such as storm surge and the like. The deposition rate of the south bank of the Laizhou Bay is about 0.3-0.5 cm/ a during this period, and the construction of the two-stage Fangfang Port Project in 1997 and 2007 is nearby The deposition rate of WF1 and WF2 is 5.1 cm/ a and 3.5 cm/ a, respectively, and the content of heavy metal in the sediment of the study area is less affected by human activity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P736.21
本文編號(hào)：2483439
[Abstract]:The southern shore of the Laizhou Bay is rich in resources, the population is dense, the marine economy is developed, and the human activities have a significant impact on the coastal environment. At the same time, the regional geological structure of the Laizhou Bay is complex, the types of the landforms are diverse, the water depth in the south bank is shallow, the terrain is low and the typical silty coast is developed, and the sea area on the south bank of the Laizhou Bay is a typical marine environment sensitive area under the action of natural factors and human factors. In recent years, under the influence of large port engineering, the marine sedimentary environment on the south bank of Laizhou Bay is evolving. Therefore, the evolution of the marine sedimentary environment on the south bank of the Laizhou Bay is studied, and the influence of the construction of the Fangfang Port on the marine environment in the vicinity is analyzed comprehensively. It is of theoretical and practical significance for the protection of the marine environment, the rational and intensive development and the utilization of the marine resources. According to the sea area of 147 surface sediments in the southwest of the Laizhou Bay in the research area, the measured current data of the 10 stations in the Laizhou Bay and the grain size of the two sediment column core samples in the south of the Laizhou Bay are measured according to the data of the three charts of the sea area in the southwest of the Laizhou Bay of the study area, the measured current data of the 10 stations in the Laizhou Bay, and the size and the granularity of the two sediment column core samples in the The characteristics of surface sediment distribution, transport trend and transport flux, water depth shoreline evolution, water dynamic environment change, modern deposition rate and geochemical characteristics of the surface sediments in the study area have been studied in terms of the data such as annual, heavy metal, magnetic susceptibility and so on. In this paper, the evolution of the marine sedimentary environment on the south bank of the Laizhou Bay under the influence of the port engineering has been comprehensively analyzed. The main research results of this paper are as follows: Under the following conditions, the distribution of surface sediment type in the study area presents a significant strip-like feature of the parallel shoreline, and the type of sediment from the shore to the sea is sand-silty sand-sandy silt-clayey silt, and the average particle size of the sediment is basically similar to that of the shoreline. In parallel, the trend of gradually decreasing from the shore to the sea is presented as a whole; the distribution of the near-shore deposit is affected by the harbor area, and the contour line of each parameter is bent at the port, and the surface layer sediment grains on both sides of the port The distribution of surface sediments in the sea area is mainly controlled by the source of sediment, wave power and port engineering. And the marine water power is relatively stable, the corresponding sedimentary environment is relatively weak, and the power ring is deposited on both sides of the port influenced by the port. In the near-shore area of the south-west of the study area, the whole of the surface sediments is transported by the shore to the sea. The coastal line direction of the surface sediments in the east of the port is transported from the east to the west, and some of the sediments are in the coastal area. On the east side of the port, the surface sediments in the northwest of the study area show a tendency to transport to the south, which is mainly due to the fine-grained sediments of the Yellow River Delta The effect of transportation. The coastline of the sea area near the Yellow River estuary in the west of the Laizhou Bay from 1984 to 2002 is affected by the water and sand of the Yellow River and the position of the estuary, the coastline and the deep line project to the sea, and the coastline of the south of the Laizhou Bay and the coastline of the south of the Laizhou Bay The change of the line is not small. The coastline of the sea area in the vicinity of the Fangfang Port is obviously advanced to the sea during the period from 1984 to 2007, so as to form a large number of new artificial coastline, and the depth of 5m and other deep lines of the sea area are continuously advancing to the sea, and the total distance of the advance is about 150. From 1984 to 2002, the average deposition rate between 2002 and 2007 was about 2 cm/ a,7 cm/ a, and the construction of Fangfang Port caused some degree of siltation to the sea area on both sides of the port and appeared at the end of the levee. The flow field near the Yellow River Delta is deflected and a high flow velocity area is formed. The flow velocity of the other areas is gradually reduced from the sea to the shore. The location of the high flow area near the Yellow River estuary in 2002 is shifted to the southeast, and the bay The flow rate of the first-line sea area is increased, and the flow rate at the bank head of the 10km levee of the Fangfang Port is increased, and the flow velocity at the two sides of the levee is reduced. The flow rate of the surrounding-type breakwater at the harbor of the Qinfang Port in 2007 is increased, and the two sides of the port project are especially The flow velocity of the east sea area is reduced. The effective wave height in the sea area of the Laizhou Bay is gradually increased from the shore to the sea under the action of strong wind. In 2002, the mouth of the Yellow River mouth will form an effective cover for the sea area in the south of the sea area, and the harbor project will act as a cover for the sea area in the east or west of the sea area, so that the effective wave height is reduced. The marine dynamic condition is weakened. The sea area in the vicinity of the South Bank of Laizhou Bay is 3 m with a coarse sediment grain size, the sediment type is mainly silty sand, the WF1 hole 230cm is shallow, the WF2 hole is 218 cm, and the shallow deposit layer is 1855 years yellow. The deposit of the river diversion into the Bohai Sea, the fine-grained thin layer distributed in the sediments is the fine-grained material of the Yellow River, which is deposited under the extreme sea conditions such as storm surge and the like. The deposition rate of the south bank of the Laizhou Bay is about 0.3-0.5 cm/ a during this period, and the construction of the two-stage Fangfang Port Project in 1997 and 2007 is nearby The deposition rate of WF1 and WF2 is 5.1 cm/ a and 3.5 cm/ a, respectively, and the content of heavy metal in the sediment of the study area is less affected by human activity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P736.21
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