多相流蒸發(fā)法高濃縮率海水淡化系統(tǒng)的熱力性能分析與優(yōu)化
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-16 18:57
【摘要】：結(jié)垢問題是困擾熱法海水淡化技術(shù)的主要問題之一。本文將多相流防、除垢技術(shù)應(yīng)用到海水淡化中，惰性固體顆粒的加入不僅起到強化傳熱和防除垢的作用，同時能夠提高海水淡化系統(tǒng)的操作濃縮比。濃縮比的提高，不僅可以使海水淡化系統(tǒng)造水比提高，還可以減少海水的預(yù)處理量。較高的濃海水鹽度可使淡化后的濃海水再利用的后處理成本有效降低，并且淡化后得到的高濃度海水也可以作為產(chǎn)鹽原料，在濃海水資源得到有效利用的同時也為解決污染提供了一種有效途徑。 本文建立了包括蒸發(fā)器、預(yù)熱器、閃蒸罐、冷凝器和蒸汽噴射器在內(nèi)的多相流蒸發(fā)法高濃縮率海水淡化系統(tǒng)的的數(shù)學(xué)模型。模型中考慮了熱力損失、壓力損失、鹽水濃度變化引起的溫差損失。此外，以系統(tǒng)單位產(chǎn)量淡水成本最小作為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)建立了該系統(tǒng)的的優(yōu)化模型。以上數(shù)學(xué)模型及優(yōu)化模型的求解均在MATLAB程序下完成。 對于無TVC順流多相流蒸發(fā)法高濃縮率海水淡化系統(tǒng)，分析了固體顆粒體積分率、首效加熱蒸汽溫度、預(yù)熱量以及濃縮比對系統(tǒng)的熱力性能影響。計算結(jié)果表明固體顆粒體積分率對蒸發(fā)器傳熱面積影響較大，固體顆粒的加入能夠強化傳熱，減小各效蒸發(fā)器的傳熱面積，降低淡水成本。以四效無預(yù)熱考慮冷凝水閃蒸系統(tǒng)為例，在本文計算條件下，當(dāng)固體顆粒體積分率從0增大到12%時，各效蒸發(fā)器總傳熱系數(shù)分別增加了8.74%、9.37%、9.02%、9.77%；各效蒸發(fā)器傳熱面積減少了8.19%；淡水成本下降了1.21%。首效加熱蒸汽溫度對蒸發(fā)器傳熱面積影響較大；預(yù)熱量對生蒸汽耗量和造水比影響較大；濃縮比對淡水成本影響較大。對于無TVC平流多相流蒸發(fā)法高濃縮率海水淡化系統(tǒng)，分析了海水溫度和末效蒸發(fā)器溫度對其熱力性能的影響，，并與無TVC順流流程做了對比分析。 對無TVC無預(yù)熱順流系統(tǒng)和無TVC無預(yù)熱平流系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化與非優(yōu)化對比分析。并對順流無預(yù)熱且忽略冷凝水閃蒸系統(tǒng)、順流無預(yù)熱且考慮冷凝水閃蒸系統(tǒng)、順流有預(yù)熱且考慮冷凝水閃蒸系統(tǒng)、平流無預(yù)熱且忽略冷凝水閃蒸系統(tǒng)、平流無預(yù)熱且考慮冷凝水閃蒸系統(tǒng)、平流有預(yù)熱且考慮冷凝水閃蒸系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化性能進(jìn)行了比較分析。結(jié)果表明平流有預(yù)熱且考慮冷凝水閃蒸系統(tǒng)生蒸汽耗量最小，造水比最高且淡水成本最小，但是結(jié)垢風(fēng)險大。 針對帶TVC順流多相流蒸發(fā)法高濃縮率海水淡化系統(tǒng)，分析了工作蒸汽壓力，引射蒸汽溫度，抽汽位置對海水淡化系統(tǒng)熱力性能的影響，并對TVC-MED海水淡化系統(tǒng)和MED海水淡化系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了比較分析。計算結(jié)果表明TVC-MED海水淡化系統(tǒng)的性能要優(yōu)于MED海水淡化系統(tǒng)；在本文的計算條件下，TVC放在第二效蒸發(fā)器后熱力性能最優(yōu)，淡水成本最小，為3.25￥·t-1。
[Abstract]:Scaling problem is one of the main problems which puzzles the thermal seawater desalination technology. In this paper, multi-phase flow anti-scaling technology is applied to seawater desalination. The addition of inert solid particles can not only enhance heat transfer and scale control, but also improve the operation and concentration ratio of seawater desalination system. The increase of concentration ratio can not only increase the water production ratio of seawater desalination system, but also reduce the pre-treatment amount of seawater. The higher salinity of concentrated seawater can effectively reduce the cost of reusing desalinated sea water, and the high concentration seawater can also be used as raw material for salt production after desalination. The effective utilization of the water resources in the thick sea also provides an effective way to solve the pollution. In this paper, a mathematical model of multiphase flow evaporation high concentration desalination system including evaporator, preheater, flash vaporizer, condenser and steam ejector is established. The thermal loss, pressure loss and temperature difference loss caused by salt water concentration change are considered in the model. In addition, the optimization model of the system is established by taking the minimum cost per unit output of the system as the optimization objective. All the above mathematical models and optimization models are solved by MATLAB program. The effects of solid particle integration rate, first-effect steam temperature, preheat and concentration ratio on the thermal performance of a high concentration seawater desalination system with no TVC downstream multiphase evaporation are analyzed. The calculation results show that the integral ratio of solid particles has a great effect on the heat transfer area of the evaporator. The addition of solid particles can enhance the heat transfer, reduce the heat transfer area of each effect evaporator and reduce the cost of fresh water. In this paper, when the integral ratio of solid particles increases from 0 to 12%, the total heat transfer coefficients of each effect evaporator are increased by 8.74%, 9.37% and 9.02%, respectively. 9.77%; The heat transfer area of each evaporator has been reduced by 8.19%, and the cost of fresh water has decreased by 1.21%. The heat transfer area of the evaporator is greatly affected by the steam temperature of the first effect heating, the preheat has a greater effect on the steam consumption and the ratio of water production to water, and the concentration ratio has a great effect on the cost of fresh water. The effects of seawater temperature and end effect evaporator temperature on the thermal performance of a high concentration seawater desalination system without TVC advection multiphase evaporation are analyzed and compared with those of TVC free downstream flow. The optimization and non-optimization analysis of TVC-free and non-preheating-free advection systems are carried out for both TVC-free and non-preheating-free advection systems. There is no preheating and neglect of condensate flash system in downstream, no preheating and consideration of condensate flash system in downstream flow, no preheating and consideration of condensate flash system in downstream flow, no preheating in advection and neglect of condensing water flash system. The optimization performance of advection without preheating and considering condensation water flash system is compared and analyzed, and the optimization performance of advection water flash system with preheating and consideration of condensate flash system is compared and analyzed. The results show that the preheating of advection and the consideration of condensate flash system have the lowest steam consumption, the highest water production ratio and the lowest fresh water cost, but the risk of scaling is high. In view of the high concentration rate seawater desalination system with TVC downstream multiphase flow evaporation, the effects of working steam pressure, ejecting steam temperature and pumping position on the thermal performance of seawater desalination system were analyzed. TVC-MED seawater desalination system and MED seawater desalination system were compared and analyzed. The results show that the performance of the TVC-MED desalination system is better than that of the MED desalination system, and the thermal performance is the best and the fresh water cost is the lowest when TVC is placed in the second effect evaporator under the calculation conditions in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P747
本文編號：2459014
[Abstract]:Scaling problem is one of the main problems which puzzles the thermal seawater desalination technology. In this paper, multi-phase flow anti-scaling technology is applied to seawater desalination. The addition of inert solid particles can not only enhance heat transfer and scale control, but also improve the operation and concentration ratio of seawater desalination system. The increase of concentration ratio can not only increase the water production ratio of seawater desalination system, but also reduce the pre-treatment amount of seawater. The higher salinity of concentrated seawater can effectively reduce the cost of reusing desalinated sea water, and the high concentration seawater can also be used as raw material for salt production after desalination. The effective utilization of the water resources in the thick sea also provides an effective way to solve the pollution. In this paper, a mathematical model of multiphase flow evaporation high concentration desalination system including evaporator, preheater, flash vaporizer, condenser and steam ejector is established. The thermal loss, pressure loss and temperature difference loss caused by salt water concentration change are considered in the model. In addition, the optimization model of the system is established by taking the minimum cost per unit output of the system as the optimization objective. All the above mathematical models and optimization models are solved by MATLAB program. The effects of solid particle integration rate, first-effect steam temperature, preheat and concentration ratio on the thermal performance of a high concentration seawater desalination system with no TVC downstream multiphase evaporation are analyzed. The calculation results show that the integral ratio of solid particles has a great effect on the heat transfer area of the evaporator. The addition of solid particles can enhance the heat transfer, reduce the heat transfer area of each effect evaporator and reduce the cost of fresh water. In this paper, when the integral ratio of solid particles increases from 0 to 12%, the total heat transfer coefficients of each effect evaporator are increased by 8.74%, 9.37% and 9.02%, respectively. 9.77%; The heat transfer area of each evaporator has been reduced by 8.19%, and the cost of fresh water has decreased by 1.21%. The heat transfer area of the evaporator is greatly affected by the steam temperature of the first effect heating, the preheat has a greater effect on the steam consumption and the ratio of water production to water, and the concentration ratio has a great effect on the cost of fresh water. The effects of seawater temperature and end effect evaporator temperature on the thermal performance of a high concentration seawater desalination system without TVC advection multiphase evaporation are analyzed and compared with those of TVC free downstream flow. The optimization and non-optimization analysis of TVC-free and non-preheating-free advection systems are carried out for both TVC-free and non-preheating-free advection systems. There is no preheating and neglect of condensate flash system in downstream, no preheating and consideration of condensate flash system in downstream flow, no preheating and consideration of condensate flash system in downstream flow, no preheating in advection and neglect of condensing water flash system. The optimization performance of advection without preheating and considering condensation water flash system is compared and analyzed, and the optimization performance of advection water flash system with preheating and consideration of condensate flash system is compared and analyzed. The results show that the preheating of advection and the consideration of condensate flash system have the lowest steam consumption, the highest water production ratio and the lowest fresh water cost, but the risk of scaling is high. In view of the high concentration rate seawater desalination system with TVC downstream multiphase flow evaporation, the effects of working steam pressure, ejecting steam temperature and pumping position on the thermal performance of seawater desalination system were analyzed. TVC-MED seawater desalination system and MED seawater desalination system were compared and analyzed. The results show that the performance of the TVC-MED desalination system is better than that of the MED desalination system, and the thermal performance is the best and the fresh water cost is the lowest when TVC is placed in the second effect evaporator under the calculation conditions in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P747
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