【摘要】：渤海是我國(guó)一個(gè)半封閉的內(nèi)陸淺海，其特殊的地理位置在我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中起到了極為重要的作用。但是，隨著近年來(lái)沿岸經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，渤海的水質(zhì)也在不斷的惡化，而海洋的物理自凈能力主要由海洋的物理動(dòng)力過(guò)程決定。因此，本文以渤海海域的外強(qiáng)迫力作用為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，利用ROMS區(qū)域模式，對(duì)不同風(fēng)場(chǎng)（CFSR日平均風(fēng)場(chǎng)與CFSR月平均風(fēng)場(chǎng)）、不同地形（渤海實(shí)際地形、Etopo2地形）作用下，渤海冬、夏季環(huán)流、溫度以及水交換的變化情況進(jìn)行探討，重點(diǎn)分析了大風(fēng)過(guò)程對(duì)冬季環(huán)流及夏季垂直分布結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。 研究結(jié)果表明，在風(fēng)場(chǎng)改變后，冬季環(huán)流場(chǎng)流速變化也相當(dāng)明顯，最大可相差6cm/s；在2005年12月一次冬季大風(fēng)過(guò)程前后，水位瞬時(shí)減小可達(dá)2m；由于渤海冬季盛行西北風(fēng)，并且大風(fēng)過(guò)程頻發(fā)，從而導(dǎo)致渤海冬季環(huán)流受風(fēng)場(chǎng)作用顯著；除此之外，僅占冬季大約1/4時(shí)間的大風(fēng)時(shí)段所導(dǎo)致的渤海環(huán)流形態(tài)分布同渤海冬季平均環(huán)流分布非常相似。而夏季環(huán)流結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，則是風(fēng)場(chǎng)與地形共同作用的結(jié)果：當(dāng)?shù)匦沃袩o(wú)法體現(xiàn)渤中淺灘后，渤海中央順時(shí)針環(huán)流的范圍、形狀以及流速都發(fā)生巨大變化。 因?yàn)闇囟扰c環(huán)流結(jié)構(gòu)相互影響的原因，致使溫度在冬季受風(fēng)場(chǎng)影響較大，即使渤中淺灘在地形中沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，除了三個(gè)灣頂?shù)臏囟葧?huì)有所升高以外，溫度的分布格局整體變化不大。通過(guò)對(duì)夏季渤海斷面溫度分布狀況的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，溫躍層厚度以及中央高溫水柱的形成是風(fēng)場(chǎng)與地形共同作用的結(jié)果：當(dāng)渤中淺灘在地形中不能體現(xiàn)時(shí)，渤海夏季無(wú)法形成溫躍層，整個(gè)溫度垂直分布與冬季類似，基本呈現(xiàn)上下一致的狀態(tài)；當(dāng)風(fēng)場(chǎng)為日平均強(qiáng)迫時(shí)，渤海中央高溫水柱在沒(méi)有潮混合的作用下，依然也可以很好的出現(xiàn)。因此，對(duì)于夏季渤海斷面溫度垂向分布的形成原因，除去Lin et al.（2006）提出的潮流混合、波浪作用、地形的影響之外，還應(yīng)該考慮高時(shí)空分辨率風(fēng)場(chǎng)特別是大風(fēng)的混合作用。 對(duì)不同風(fēng)場(chǎng)及地形作用下，對(duì)渤海水體平均存留時(shí)間研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：相較于月平均風(fēng)場(chǎng)，在日平均風(fēng)場(chǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)下，渤海整體平均存留時(shí)間有所較小，平均在100天左右，在渤中淺灘附近，最大可相差200天；當(dāng)渤中淺灘無(wú)法在地形數(shù)據(jù)中體現(xiàn)時(shí)，渤海中部及遼東灣平均存留時(shí)間明顯減少，最大可相差100天左右；除此之外，渤海水交換能力與環(huán)流之間存在一定的聯(lián)系。 本文主要的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)在于：首次使用高時(shí)空分辨率風(fēng)場(chǎng)資料作為渤海驅(qū)動(dòng)場(chǎng)，并與氣候平均態(tài)風(fēng)場(chǎng)作用下環(huán)流、溫度、平均存留時(shí)間進(jìn)行對(duì)比。通過(guò)結(jié)果之間的對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)于渤海而言，冬春季大風(fēng)過(guò)程比較常見(jiàn)，其造成的強(qiáng)烈的流動(dòng)可能對(duì)渤海內(nèi)外水文環(huán)境起著非常重要作用，因此使用氣候平均態(tài)的風(fēng)場(chǎng)作為模式驅(qū)動(dòng)場(chǎng)的行為，，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們認(rèn)識(shí)和研究渤海水動(dòng)力過(guò)程不全面的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:Bohai Sea is a semi-closed inland shallow sea in China, and its special geographical position plays a very important role in China's economic construction. However, with the rapid development of coastal economy in recent years, the water quality in the Bohai Sea is deteriorating, and the physical self-purification capacity of the ocean is mainly determined by the physical dynamic process of the ocean. Therefore, based on the external compulsive force in the Bohai Sea, using the ROMS regional model, under the action of different wind fields (CFSR daily mean wind field and CFSR monthly mean wind field) and different topography (Bohai Sea actual topography, Etopo2 topography), the Bohai Sea winter, under the action of different wind fields (CFSR daily average wind field and CFSR monthly mean wind field), The variations of circulation, temperature and water exchange in summer are discussed, and the effects of gale on winter circulation and vertical distribution in summer are emphatically analyzed. The results show that after the wind field changes, the velocity change of winter circulation field is also quite obvious, the maximum difference can be 6 cm / s, and the instantaneous decrease of water level can reach 2 m before and after a winter gale process in December 2005. Due to the prevalence of northwest wind in the Bohai Sea in winter and the frequent occurrence of strong winds, the circulation in the Bohai Sea is affected by wind field in winter. In addition, the distribution of circulation patterns in the Bohai Sea is very similar to that of the average circulation in the Bohai Sea during the strong wind period, which only accounts for about 1 ~ 4 hours in winter. The change of circulation structure in summer is the result of the interaction of wind field and topography. After the local shape can't reflect the Bohai Sea-middle shoal, the scope, shape and velocity of clockwise circulation in the center of Bohai Sea have changed enormously. Because of the interaction between temperature and circulation structure, the temperature is greatly affected by the wind field in winter. Even if the Bohai Sea-Central Shoal is not reflected in the topography, except that the temperature at the top of the three bays will rise, The distribution pattern of temperature has little change as a whole. By studying the temperature distribution of the Bohai Sea in summer, it is found that the thickness of thermocline and the formation of the central high temperature water column are the result of the interaction between wind field and topography. There is no thermocline in the Bohai Sea in summer, and the vertical distribution of the whole temperature is similar to that in winter. When the wind field is daily average forcing, the central high-temperature water column in the Bohai Sea can still appear well under the action of no tidal mixing. Therefore, in addition to the influence of tidal current mixing, wave action and topography proposed by Lin et al. (2006, the high spatial and temporal resolution wind field, especially the mixing effect of gale, should be taken into account for the formation of vertical distribution of temperature in the Bohai Sea in summer. The study on the average retention time of the Bohai Sea water body under different wind fields and topography shows that compared with the monthly average wind field, the overall average retention time of the Bohai Sea is smaller than that of the monthly average wind field, and the average retention time of the Bohai Sea is about 100 days, which is driven by the daily average wind field. Near the Bozhong Shoal, the maximum difference can be 200 days; The average retention time of the middle Bohai Sea and Liaodong Bay can be reduced obviously when the middle Bohai shoal can not be reflected in the topographic data, and the maximum difference is about 100 days. In addition, there is a certain relationship between the water exchange capacity and the circulation in the Bohai Sea. The main innovation of this paper is that the wind data with high spatial and temporal resolution are used for the first time as the driving field in the Bohai Sea, and compared with the circulation, temperature and average retention time under the action of the climatic mean wind field. Through the comparison between the results, it is found that the strong wind process in winter and spring is more common in the Bohai Sea, and the strong flow caused by it may play a very important role in the hydrologic environment inside and outside the Bohai Sea. Therefore, the use of the climate average wind field as the model driving field may lead us to understand and study the incomplete results of the hydrodynamic process in the Bohai Sea.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P731.2

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