【摘要】：作為海洋系統(tǒng)的主要組成,海冰在全球氣候系統(tǒng)中的影響也不容小覷。它是海洋和大氣之間的能量媒介,通過熱量和動(dòng)能使海洋和大氣產(chǎn)生時(shí)空上的相互作用。哈德遜灣海冰存在明顯的區(qū)域性、季節(jié)性、年際差異性變化。在1971-2011年間,哈德遜灣的海冰總面積及海冰密集度大幅下降,季節(jié)冰數(shù)量減少,多年冰不復(fù)存在。于此同時(shí),在夏季海冰消融比率越來越高。海冰變化研究對(duì)于全球氣候、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)以及人類活動(dòng)意義重大。結(jié)合1971-2011年哈德遜灣海冰及氣溫?cái)?shù)據(jù),本文總體特征、海冰密集度變化、季節(jié)冰和多年冰、夏季海冰以及氣溫對(duì)冰情的影響五個(gè)方面展開了研究。結(jié)果顯示：(1)從空間角度對(duì)哈德遜灣海冰進(jìn)行分析,可得：哈德遜灣地區(qū)海冰分布情況不均,總體呈現(xiàn)從南向北海冰密集度變大的趨勢。按地域標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將哈德遜灣分為不同區(qū)間,海冰年際變化率從大到小依次為：北部、東部、西北、中部。其中變化最小的中部海域變化值接近海域內(nèi)的平均值。總體而言,以東北和西南為軸,把哈德遜灣分為兩個(gè)研究區(qū)域,則東北區(qū)域變化遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于西南區(qū)域。哈德遜灣冰情整體變化情況對(duì)分區(qū)海域的影響表現(xiàn)在：海冰總量的變化主要發(fā)生在東部和北部海域,西南海域的海冰變化趨勢較弱。(2)從時(shí)間角度對(duì)哈德遜灣海冰進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)：各海域在四個(gè)季節(jié)中海冰密集度的排序從大到小依次為：冬季、春季、秋季、夏季。從海冰面積的角度而言,夏季海冰面積最小,而冬季海冰分布面積最大。在海域分區(qū)中,中部海域在四個(gè)季節(jié)中海冰變化最為明顯。各密集度的海冰的變化趨勢基本一致：冬季海冰密集度與分布范圍都是最大的,顯而易見夏季兩者的值都最小。(3)哈德遜灣季節(jié)年冰和多年冰數(shù)量均呈逐年遞減的趨勢。在1981-2011年間多年冰密集度呈減小的趨勢,其中又以北部海域的減小趨勢最為明顯。東部海域季節(jié)冰密集度平均值最小,中部海域的季節(jié)冰密集度最大,北部海域的季節(jié)冰密度值最接近平均值。從1981-2011年間的變化趨勢而言,北部海域的減小速率最快,西北和中部海域的速率幾乎持平。(4)哈德遜灣夏季海冰密集度整體為減小趨勢,R值為0.18。夏季海冰變化趨勢最大的為西北海域,最小的為東部海域。夏季每個(gè)月的海冰變化趨勢大致相似,都符合整體的季節(jié)變化趨勢范圍。九月以后天氣轉(zhuǎn)涼,海冰面積由春夏季的減少變?yōu)樵黾于厔?海冰密集度也開始變大。(5)綜合氣溫?cái)?shù)據(jù)和海冰密集度變化分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：在1971-2011年間,平均每年解凍期、冰封期、無冰期變化的天數(shù)依次為0.50、0.46、0.91天。從空間范圍來看,冰封期推遲的范圍最大,占到了總體的83.8%。
[Abstract]:As a major component of the ocean system, the impact of sea ice on the global climate system should not be underestimated. It is an energy medium between the ocean and the atmosphere, which causes spatio-temporal interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere through heat and kinetic energy. There are obvious regional seasonal and interannual variations of sea ice in Hudson Bay. In 1971-2011, the total area and concentration of sea ice in Hudson Bay decreased significantly, seasonal ice volume decreased, and years of ice ceased to exist. At the same time, the rate of sea ice melting is getting higher and higher in summer. The study of sea ice change is of great significance to the global climate, ecosystem and human activities. Based on the data of sea ice and air temperature in Hudson Bay from 1971 to 2011, the general characteristics, the variation of sea ice concentration, seasonal ice and multi-year ice, summer sea ice and the effect of temperature on ice condition are studied. The results are as follows: (1) the sea ice in Hudson Bay is analyzed from the angle of space, and the distribution of sea ice in Hudson Bay is uneven, showing a trend of increasing ice density from south to north sea. According to the regional standard, Hudson Bay is divided into different zones, the interannual change rate of sea ice from large to small is: northern, eastern, northwest, central. The change value of the middle sea area which has the least variation is close to the average value of the sea area. In general, taking the northeast and southwest as the axis, the Hudson Bay is divided into two research areas, and the changes in the northeast are much larger than those in the southwest. The overall changes in the ice conditions in Hudson Bay have an impact on the regional sea areas: the total sea ice volume changes mainly occur in the eastern and northern waters. The trend of sea ice variation in southwest sea area is weak. (2) the sea ice in Hudson Bay is analyzed from the point of view of time. It is found that the order of sea ice density in four seasons is winter, spring, autumn and summer in the following order: winter, spring, autumn and summer. From the point of view of sea ice area, the sea ice area is the smallest in summer and the largest in winter. In the sea area division, the sea ice change in the middle sea area is most obvious in the four seasons. The variation trend of sea ice concentration is basically the same: the concentration and distribution range of sea ice in winter are both the largest and obviously the smallest in summer. (3) the number of annual ice and multi-year ice in Hudson Bay decreases year by year. In 1981-2011, the ice density decreased, especially in the northern sea area. The average value of seasonal ice density is the smallest in the eastern sea area, the largest in the central sea area, and the closest to the average value in the northern sea area. From the trend of change from 1981 to 2011, the decrease rate of the northern sea area is the fastest, and the rate of the northwest and central waters is almost the same. (4) the summer sea ice density of Hudson Bay decreases as a whole, the R value is 0.18. The largest trend of sea ice variation in summer is in the northwest sea area and the smallest in the eastern sea area. The monthly sea ice change trend in summer is similar, all accord with the whole seasonal variation trend range. After September, the weather turned colder, the sea ice area changed from spring and summer to an increasing trend, and the sea ice density also began to increase. (5) the analysis of combined air temperature data and sea ice density showed that during the period of 1971-2011, the average annual freezer period was. The change days of ice seal period and no ice period were 0.50,0.46 and 0.91 days respectively. In terms of spatial scope, the postponement of the ice seal was the largest, accounting for 83.8% of the total.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P731.15

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本文編號(hào)：2447521