【摘要】：本文基于FVCOM海洋模式，利用Willoughby等提供的風場模型構造的臺風風場作為大氣強迫，首先模擬了兩個經(jīng)過臺灣海峽的典型臺風：2010年“凡亞比”和2007年“圣帕”引起的風暴潮過程并利用實測數(shù)據(jù)對模擬結果進行了對比驗證，分析了水位、流場等要素對臺風的響應。結果顯示：模擬的風暴潮水位與實測水位吻合較好，誤差較小，，也從側面驗證了近岸水位變化主要受局地風場的影響；臺風凡亞比造成臺灣海峽大部分區(qū)域出現(xiàn)顯著增水，大陸沿岸作為迎風區(qū)，增水最為明顯，增水最大值達到2m以上，臺風圣帕造成的增水區(qū)域集中在大陸沿岸的北部，增水最大值達到3m以上，而大陸沿岸南部由于處于背風區(qū)，出現(xiàn)較大的水位下降，風暴潮增水主要受到風場和地形的影響；表層風生流場與Ekman風生漂流特征一致；臺風凡亞比期間，大陸沿岸風暴潮的先兆波振幅在20-30cm，余振階段并不明顯，而臺風圣帕期間，先兆波動并不明顯，余振階段持續(xù)時間較長；臺風凡亞比造成的表層平均流方向在近岸平行于岸線，流速加強，海峽中間形成非閉合逆時針流動，流向與跨越海峽過程中臺風最強時的風場方向一致，而臺風圣帕造成的表層平均流在臺灣海峽中部偏北位置形成一個首尾相接的環(huán)形流動，流速從環(huán)形中心向外逐漸增大，與臺風圣帕登陸前風場的結構特點相似，風生表層平均流的分布主要與局地臺風風速大小和風場作用時間有關。 為了研究不同特征的臺風在臺灣海峽引起風暴潮的差異，本文針對臺風的三個主要要素：最大風速半徑、最大風速、臺風移動速度，設置了11組敏感性試驗進行研究，并對試驗結果進行了分析，結果顯示：隨著臺風移動速度的減小，臺風登陸過程中，位于迎風區(qū)的站點，向岸風作用時間增長，增水極值變大，而位于背風區(qū)的站點，離岸風作用時間增長，增水極值減小；隨著臺風最大風速半徑的增大，臺風的影響范圍擴大，站點風暴潮水位振幅增加，但增加的幅度較小，在臺風登陸前后，位于臺風最大風速半徑以內的站點，風暴潮增水極值隨著臺風最大風速半徑的增大而減小，位于臺風最大風速半徑以外的站點，風暴潮增水極值隨著臺風最大風速半徑的增大而增大，而位于臺風最大風速半徑附近的站點，風暴潮增水極值隨著臺風最大風速半徑的增大變化較為復雜，當站點位置處于臺風最大風速半徑處時，局地風速最大，增水極值達到最大；隨著臺風最大風速的增大，臺風強度增加，站點風暴潮水位振幅明顯增大，同時，站點增水極值也隨之增大，但不同站點增水極值隨臺風最大風速增大而增大的情況有所差異，位于臺風中心東北側的站點處在臺風風場強度較大的區(qū)域，且在臺風登陸前后位于迎風區(qū)，增水極值隨著最大風速增加的趨勢不斷增加，而位于臺風中心西南側的站點處在臺風風場強度較小的區(qū)域，且在臺風登陸前后位于背風區(qū)，增水極值隨著最大風速增加的趨勢有所減小。
[Abstract]:In this paper, based on the FVCOM ocean model, a typhoon wind field constructed by the wind field model, such as Willoghby et al., is used as the atmospheric force, In this paper, two typical typhoons passing through the Taiwan Strait have been simulated: the process of storm surge and the simulation results are compared and verified with the measured data, and the response of the factors such as water level and flow field to the typhoon is analyzed. The results show that the simulated storm surge level is in good agreement with the measured water level, the error is small, and the influence of the near-shore water level change from the side is also verified by the local wind field. the water-increasing area is the most obvious, the maximum water-increasing maximum reaches more than 2m, the water-increasing area caused by the typhoon Sipa is concentrated on the northern part of the continental coast, the maximum water-increasing maximum reaches more than 3 m, and the south of the continental coast is in the back-wind area, and a large water level is reduced, The storm surge-increasing water is mainly affected by the wind field and the terrain. The wind-flow field of the surface layer is consistent with the Ekman wind-induced drift. The amplitude of the premonitory wave of the storm surge in the continental coast is 20-30cm, and the residual vibration stage is not obvious during the period of the typhoon, and the premonitory fluctuation is not obvious during the period of the typhoon. the duration of the residual vibration phase is long, the average flow direction of the surface layer caused by the typhoon and the sub-ratio is parallel to the shore line in the nearshore, the flow rate is enhanced, the non-closed anti-clockwise flow is formed in the middle of the channel, and the flow direction is consistent with the direction of the wind field when the typhoon is the strongest in the process of crossing the channel, And the average flow of the surface layer caused by the typhoon Sipa forms an end-to-end annular flow in the central part of the Taiwan Strait, and the flow rate gradually increases from the annular center to the outside, and is similar to that of the wind field before the landing of the typhoon Sipa. The average flow distribution of the wind-generating surface is mainly related to the wind speed of the local typhoon and the time of the wind field. In order to study the difference of the storm surge caused by the typhoon in the Taiwan Strait, the three main elements of the typhoon are: the maximum wind speed radius, the maximum wind speed, the velocity of the typhoon movement, the set 11 sets of sensitivity tests, and the test results are divided The results show that with the decrease of the moving speed of the typhoon, the landing process of the typhoon is located at the site of the windward area, the time of the shore wind is increased, the extreme value of the increasing water is increased, and the site in the back wind area, the time of the offshore wind is increased, and the water-increasing extreme value is reduced. Small; with the increase of the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon, the influence range of the typhoon is expanded, the water level of the storm surge of the station is increased, but the amplitude of the increase is small, and the station is located within the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon before and after the typhoon landing. The maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon decreases with the increase of the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon, and the extreme value of the surge increase of the storm surge is increased with the increase of the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon, and the station located near the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon The maximum wind speed of the typhoon is the most complex when the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon is at the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon, the maximum wind speed is the maximum, and the maximum value of the water-increasing extreme value is the maximum; with the increase of the maximum wind speed of the typhoon, the intensity of the typhoon is increased In addition, the amplitude of the water level of the storm surge in the site is obviously increased, and at the same time, the water-increasing extreme value of the site increases with the increase of the maximum wind speed of the typhoon, and the site located at the northeast side of the typhoon center is located in the area where the intensity of the typhoon wind field is greater The area is located in the windward area before and after the typhoon landing, and the trend of increasing the water-increasing extreme value with the maximum wind speed is increasing, while the site located at the southwest side of the typhoon center is located in the area where the intensity of the typhoon wind field is small, and is located on the back wind before and after the typhoon landing. The trend of increasing the maximum wind speed decreases with the increase of the maximum wind speed.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P731.23

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