【摘要】：2007～2013年，我國(guó)黃海海域連續(xù)7年發(fā)生滸苔綠潮災(zāi)害，對(duì)山東半島沿岸的生態(tài)環(huán)境和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)造成嚴(yán)重的影響。隨著對(duì)黃海滸苔綠潮起源研究的不斷深入，逐漸把目光聚焦在了黃海南部近海海域，，即蘇北淺灘及其附近海域。本論文根據(jù)2012年在南黃海綠潮發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中進(jìn)行漂浮綠藻及微觀繁殖體的跟蹤調(diào)查，及在江蘇近海紫菜養(yǎng)殖區(qū)附近海域進(jìn)行漂浮綠藻和微觀繁殖體調(diào)查研究，分析了調(diào)查區(qū)域綠潮的形成發(fā)展機(jī)制，綠藻微觀繁殖體時(shí)空分布特征及其對(duì)綠潮形成的影響，得出主要結(jié)果如下： 1、漂浮綠藻最早出現(xiàn)在4月下旬，僅有少量漂浮綠藻，平均生物量為0.45g/m2。到5月中旬，漂浮綠藻的生物量迅速增加至4.60g/m2，是4月下旬的10倍左右，并且分布面積達(dá)到8700km2，總生物量為4.02萬噸。隨著綠藻的增長(zhǎng)，到6月初，漂浮綠藻平均生物量達(dá)到9.51g/m2，分布面積達(dá)到36400km2，并且總生物量達(dá)到34.6萬噸。漂浮綠藻首先出現(xiàn)在調(diào)查海域南部，隨后逐漸的向北漂移，呈現(xiàn)由南向北不斷擴(kuò)張的趨勢(shì)。 2、黃海綠潮形成過程中漂浮綠藻種類主要是滸苔(Ulva prolifera)，還夾雜著緣管滸苔(Ulva linza)和盒管藻(Capsosiphon groenlandicus)。在綠潮形成早期（Ⅰ航段），綠藻中滸苔占的比例已處于絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)，所占比例在98%以上；隨后，滸苔在漂浮綠藻中的比例一直維持在98%以上。 3、對(duì)江蘇近海海域的綠藻微觀繁殖體調(diào)查結(jié)果表明，在江蘇近海養(yǎng)殖區(qū)始終存在綠藻微觀繁殖體，單位水體中的繁殖體數(shù)量較多。繁殖體在空間分布特征上表現(xiàn)為近岸高外海低，由筏架區(qū)向外擴(kuò)散的分布趨勢(shì)。其高值區(qū)主要出現(xiàn)在紫菜養(yǎng)殖筏架區(qū)附近海域，以紫菜養(yǎng)殖筏架區(qū)域?yàn)橹行南蛲鈹U(kuò)散，遠(yuǎn)岸的數(shù)量接近于零。 4、滸苔微觀繁殖體的分布規(guī)律與綠潮形成發(fā)展過程有關(guān)，最早在蘇北淺灘海域出現(xiàn)，隨后分布不斷的擴(kuò)大，并向黃海中部擴(kuò)展。
[Abstract]:From 2007 to 2013, the green tide disaster occurred in the sea area of Huang Hai in China for 7 consecutive years, which had a serious impact on the ecological environment and social economy along the coast of Shandong Peninsula. With the deepening of the research on the origin of the green tide of Huang Hai's margin, the attention is gradually focused on the south coast of Huang Hai, that is, the northern Jiangsu shoal and its vicinity. Based on the follow-up investigation of floating green algae and micropropagation in the green tide of the South Yellow Sea in 2012, and the floating green algae and micropropagation in the waters near the seaweed culture area in the coastal waters of Jiangsu Province, this paper studied the floating green algae and micro-fecundity in the South Yellow Sea during the development of the green tide in 2012. The formation and development mechanism of green tide, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of micropropagation of green algae and its influence on the formation of green tide are analyzed. The main results are as follows: 1. Floating green algae first appeared in late April, with only a few floating green algae. The average biomass is 0.45g / m2. By the middle of May, the biomass of floating green algae increased rapidly to 4.60 g / m ~ 2, about 10 times of that of late April, and the distribution area reached 8700 km ~ 2 with a total biomass of 40200 tons. With the growth of green algae, by the beginning of June, the average biomass of floating green algae reached 9.51g / m2, the distribution area reached 36400km2, and the total biomass reached 346000 tons. The floating green algae first appeared in the southern part of the investigated sea area, and then drifted northward, showing a trend of continuous expansion from south to north. 2. During the formation of Huang Hai's green tide, the species of floating green algae were mainly (Ulva prolifera), and (Ulva linza) and (Capsosiphon groenlandicus). In the early stage of green tide formation (voyage 鈪

本文編號(hào)：2440805