【摘要】：水是生命之源，是人類生存所必須的基本物質(zhì)。隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人口的增加，世界范圍內(nèi)面臨越來越嚴(yán)重的淡水危機(jī)。為了解決淡水短缺問題，人類采取“開源節(jié)流”的方法，一方面節(jié)約用水，另一方面大力推進(jìn)海水淡化。同時，人類社會面臨著能源短缺，環(huán)境惡化的嚴(yán)重威脅，采用新能源進(jìn)行海水淡化，尤其是利用太陽能進(jìn)行海水淡化迫在眉睫。 響應(yīng)國家號召，浙江省提出大力發(fā)展海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)的規(guī)劃，太陽能海水淡化是其中的重要一環(huán)。為了解決舟山等地沿海島嶼的缺水問題，本文設(shè)計(jì)一種高效太陽能海水淡化裝置，采用太陽能聚光集熱、板式換熱、低溫多效海水蒸餾相結(jié)合，并在該裝置上添加控制系統(tǒng)，控制工作過程中工質(zhì)的流動，實(shí)現(xiàn)對太陽能海水淡化過程熱量的控制，提高裝置的熱利用率和海水淡化效率。 首先，設(shè)計(jì)了一種高效太陽能海水淡化裝置，采用太陽能槽式集熱，二級板式換熱，低溫多效海水蒸餾器相結(jié)合，加上儲熱油罐和儲熱水罐等儲能裝置，實(shí)現(xiàn)太陽能收集、存儲和利用，設(shè)計(jì)并定制小型低溫多效蒸餾器來進(jìn)行海水淡化。并為該項(xiàng)目在杭州的實(shí)施建設(shè)做了前期規(guī)劃。 其次，在該太陽能海水淡化裝置的平臺上，添加整套控制系統(tǒng)，控制裝置運(yùn)行過程中工質(zhì)的流動。在裝置上布置溫度、流量等儀表，檢測工質(zhì)的狀態(tài)，并通過控制器改變工質(zhì)的流速，實(shí)現(xiàn)對工作過程中熱量循環(huán)的控制。采取分層控制的策略，底層太陽能集熱，換熱，海水淡化三個過程獨(dú)立控制，上層控制器實(shí)現(xiàn)對三個底層控制的優(yōu)化調(diào)度。 最后，對于底層三個控制系統(tǒng)，，依據(jù)其控制要求完成底層控制器設(shè)計(jì)，并分析采用PID控制和預(yù)測控制時的控制效果，并給出了仿真結(jié)果。對上層控制器，分析高效太陽能海水淡化裝置工作的狀態(tài)，并給出了控制策略。 從控制的角度來分析太陽能海水淡化的過程，實(shí)現(xiàn)整個系統(tǒng)的自動化運(yùn)行，提升裝置的熱利用率和海水淡化效率，改變了以往單純從熱工視角研究太陽能海水淡化技術(shù)的局面，為今后太陽能海水淡化技術(shù)發(fā)展提供了一個新的思路。
[Abstract]:Water is the source of life and the basic substance necessary for human survival. With the development of global economy and the increase of population, the world is facing more and more serious freshwater crisis. In order to solve the problem of shortage of fresh water, human beings adopt the method of "increasing income and reducing expenditure", on the one hand, saving water, on the other hand, promoting seawater desalination. At the same time, human society is faced with the serious threat of energy shortage and environmental deterioration. It is urgent to use new energy to desalinate seawater, especially to use solar energy to desalinate seawater. In response to the national call, Zhejiang Province proposed to vigorously develop the marine economy, solar desalination is an important part of it. In order to solve the problem of water shortage in coastal islands such as Zhoushan, this paper designs an efficient solar desalination device, which combines solar energy gathering, plate heat transfer, low temperature and multi-effect seawater distillation, and adds a control system to the device. The flow of working fluid is controlled in the process of solar desalination, and the heat of solar desalination process is controlled. The thermal utilization ratio and desalination efficiency of the device are improved. First of all, a high-efficiency solar desalination device is designed. Solar energy collection is realized by solar trough type, two-stage plate heat exchange, low temperature multi-effect seawater distiller, and energy storage equipment, such as heat storage oil tank and heat storage water tank. Storage and utilization, design and customization of a small low-temperature multi-effect distiller for desalination. And for the implementation of the project in Hangzhou to do a preliminary plan. Secondly, the whole control system is added to the platform of the solar desalination device to control the flow of the working fluid during the operation of the device. The temperature, flow rate and other instruments are arranged on the device to detect the state of the working fluid, and the flow rate of the working fluid is changed by the controller to realize the control of the heat circulation in the working process. The strategy of layered control is adopted. The three processes of solar energy collection, heat transfer and desalination are controlled independently. The upper controller realizes the optimal scheduling of the three bottom control systems. Finally, the bottom controller is designed according to the control requirements of the three control systems, and the control effect of PID control and predictive control is analyzed, and the simulation results are given. The working state of the high efficiency solar desalination unit is analyzed for the upper controller, and the control strategy is given. The process of solar desalination is analyzed from the point of view of control, the automatic operation of the whole system is realized, the thermal utilization ratio of the device and the desalination efficiency of seawater are improved, which changes the situation of studying the solar desalination technology from the view of thermal engineering. It provides a new idea for the future development of solar desalination technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P747;TP273

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