【摘要】：自升式作業(yè)平臺作為我國勘探開采海洋油氣資源的重要裝備被廣泛應用。在其壽命周期內，自升式平臺需要多次移動位置。移動之前需要進行拔樁作業(yè)，拔樁過程可能因地質條件復雜而費時費力。如何有效降低拔樁阻力成為海洋工程界一個急需解決的技術難題。同時我國海域遼闊，不同海域之間地質情況可能差別巨大，目前我國對不同海域進行了許多地質勘探工作，積累了大量豐富的資料。但由于這些工作隸屬于不同的工程項目，資料比較分散，查閱起來困難。因此，開發(fā)一個方便檢索查閱的地質資料的信息系統(tǒng)成為一項有意義的工作。 本文以埕島海域為例，通過收集，整理地質資料，使用HTMLworkshop軟件編制了一套地質信息查詢系統(tǒng)。詳細介紹查詢系統(tǒng)編制流程。從系統(tǒng)制作前期的準備工作到創(chuàng)建項目、目錄、索引文件以及最后的系統(tǒng)設置工作都進行詳細說明。本系統(tǒng)可實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的訪問、查詢、檢索，能夠極大的加快工作效率。這為今后建立更加全面的海域地質信息查詢系統(tǒng)提供了思路。 噴沖拔樁作為降低拔樁阻力的手段在自升式平臺中普遍應用，但其對降低拔樁阻力的有效性一直受到海岸工程界的質疑。為了研究噴沖系統(tǒng)的工作機理及其工作的有效性，本文通過小比尺的樁靴模型噴沖拔樁試驗證明了噴沖系統(tǒng)對降低拔樁阻力效果明顯。為噴沖系統(tǒng)在實際工程中的應用提供了理論支持。 通過合理的理論假定，給出拔樁過程中需要的樁靴上部土體的重力、樁周土體側摩阻力、樁底土體吸附力的推導過程并得出簡化計算公式。通過變換地質條件、噴沖壓力、樁靴埋置深度進行噴沖拔樁試驗。通過試驗結果分析可知，樁靴上下同時噴沖時拔樁阻力可以降低30%-50%，效果非常明顯。另外，經過試驗證明噴沖系統(tǒng)內噴沖壓力的增大不會無限制的降低最大拔樁力。其理想狀況為噴沖壓力增加至樁靴底部土體吸附力消失，此時拔樁阻力為最小。但隨著噴沖壓力的增大會帶來系統(tǒng)方面問題，，需要綜合考慮。
[Abstract]:As an important equipment for exploration and exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources, jack-up platform is widely used in China. In its life cycle, the jack-up platform needs to move multiple times. It is necessary to pull out piles before moving, which may be time-consuming and laborious because of the complex geological conditions. How to effectively reduce the pile pulling resistance has become a technical problem urgently needed to be solved in the field of marine engineering. At the same time, the sea area of our country is vast, and the geological conditions of different sea areas may differ greatly. At present, China has carried out a lot of geological exploration work on different sea areas and accumulated a great deal of rich data. But because these works belong to different projects, the data are scattered, so it is difficult to consult. Therefore, the development of a convenient retrieval of geological information system has become a meaningful work. Taking Chengdao sea area as an example, a geological information query system is developed by collecting and arranging geological data and using HTMLworkshop software. Detailed introduction of query system compilation process. From system preparation to create project, directory, index file and final system setup are described in detail. The system can achieve data access, query, retrieval, can greatly speed up the work efficiency. This provides the train of thought for the establishment of a more comprehensive sea geological information query system in the future. As a means of reducing pile pulling resistance, jet punching pile is widely used in jack-up platform, but its effectiveness in reducing pile pulling resistance has been questioned by coastal engineering circles. In order to study the working mechanism and the effectiveness of the jet punching system, this paper proves that the ejection system has obvious effect on reducing the pile pulling resistance through the pile-boot model ejection test with small scale. It provides theoretical support for the application of jet impact system in practical engineering. On the basis of reasonable theoretical assumptions, the paper gives the derivation process of the gravity of the upper soil, the friction of the soil around the pile, and the adsorption force of the soil on the bottom of the pile, which are needed in the process of pile pulling, and obtains a simplified calculation formula. By changing the geological conditions, jet pressure and the depth of the pile boots, the test of spouted pile pulling was carried out. The test results show that the resistance of pulling pile can be reduced by 30-50 when the pile boots are ejected at the same time, and the effect is very obvious. In addition, it is proved that the increase of jet pressure will not reduce the maximum pile pulling force without limitation. The ideal condition is that the pressure of jet punching is increased to the bottom of the pile shoe, and the adsorption force of the soil is disappeared, and the resistance of pulling pile is the minimum. However, with the increase of jet pressure, it will bring system problems, which need to be considered comprehensively.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P742

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