【摘要】：隨著對海洋的探索,我們的水下作業(yè)、探測和記錄儀器下潛深度越來越大。同時吊放目標也越來越多樣,包括海洋巖心鉆機、沉積物取心器、海底觀測站、ROV/AUV、生物取樣器等。為了配合水下作業(yè)裝置的穩(wěn)定入水和順利回收,需要通過一整套布放回收系統(tǒng)來實現(xiàn)。國內(nèi)起吊裝置多依賴于海外租賃,且國產(chǎn)起吊裝置一般以固定于船艉的大型門架為主,小型A型門架功能單一,在海況復雜或負載較大情況下不具備作業(yè)能力。為了改變這種狀況,本論文設計了一種便于運輸?shù)木o湊型A型門架布放回收系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)由鋼架結構、伸縮液壓缸和液壓絞車組成,用于實現(xiàn)A型門架的擺動和纜繩的收放。鋼架結構分為A型門架和基架,A型門架上安裝定滑輪,纜繩穿過定滑輪,分別連接負載和絞車。基架主要起到固定保護作用,液壓缸、絞車、排纜器、防滑板、液壓元器件、操作面板、工具箱等均安裝在基架上。由于本文的布放回收系統(tǒng)應用于3000米深海環(huán)境,波浪升沉起伏會影響纜繩的收放,通過比較常用的五種補償方式,本文選用可控絞車的方案。同時對纜繩受力進行分析,計算出絞車排纜速度上限,結合額定負載和鋼纜直徑進行絞車選型。本文對門架收放過程建立了運動方程,推算出液壓缸理想的安裝位置,并結合工況對液壓缸進行選型。同時本文給出了滑輪、鋼架結構和銷軸的詳細設計方案,以及設計中涉及的配合制和焊接問題。并對設計方案進行可行性評估,通過ForceEffect對門架橫梁進行剪切力和彎矩分析,對危險截面進行校核并對失效結構更換許用應力更大的材料。通過HyperMesh和Ansys對整體鋼架和銷軸進行有限元分析,確保設計具有足夠剛度、強度及穩(wěn)定性。最后進行了液壓系統(tǒng)設計,包括補償回路、絞車回路以及同步雙缸系統(tǒng)回路。其中補償回路集成在可控絞車內(nèi)部,起到減小波浪升沉起伏引起的負面作用。絞車回路主要具有兩個功能,包括絞車的收放和制動。同步雙缸系統(tǒng)回路起到對門架調(diào)整角度的作用,使A型門架能穩(wěn)定在船舷內(nèi)外運動。本文對所有回路進行詳細的可行性分析,并通過AMESim建立液壓系統(tǒng)回路,驗證雙缸同步性。本文闡述了液壓控制原理和電磁鐵控制順序,并列舉出主要液壓元件選型,包括液壓泵、電動機、溢流閥、電磁換向閥、平衡閥、節(jié)流閥、油管、油箱等。同時本文將絞車和門架的控制面板安放在布放回收系統(tǒng)的后部,與液壓元件和管線集成一體�？刂泼姘蹇娠@示各路油壓,并有自動和手動控制功能。通過連接控制盒,能實現(xiàn)對絞車和液壓缸的遠程控制。
[Abstract]:As we explore the ocean, our underwater operations, detection and recording instruments dive deeper and deeper. At the same time, the lifting targets are more and more diverse, including marine core drilling rig, sediment coring device, submarine observation station, ROV/AUV, biological sampler and so on. In order to cooperate with the steady water entry and the smooth recovery of underwater operation equipment, a set of arrangement and recovery system should be adopted. Most of the domestic lifting devices depend on overseas leasing, and the domestic lifting devices are generally fixed to the stern of the ship's large portal frame, and the small type A gantry has a single function, and it does not have the ability to operate in the case of complex sea conditions or heavy loads. In order to change this situation, a compact type A gantry placement and recovery system is designed. The system is composed of steel frame structure, telescopic hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic winch. The structure of steel frame is divided into A type portal frame and base frame. Fixed pulley is installed on A type door frame, and cable passes through fixed pulley to connect load and winch respectively. The base frame mainly plays the role of fixed protection, hydraulic cylinder, winch, cable drain, anti-slip board, hydraulic components, operating panel, toolbox and so on are installed on the base. Because the arrangement and recovery system of this paper is applied to the 3000 meters deep sea environment, the wave heave and heave fluctuation will affect the cable recovery and discharge. By comparing the five common compensation methods, this paper chooses the scheme of controllable winch. At the same time, the force of cable is analyzed, the upper limit of cable discharge speed is calculated, and the winch type is selected combining rated load and cable diameter. In this paper, the motion equation of the door frame is established, the ideal installation position of the hydraulic cylinder is calculated, and the type selection of the hydraulic cylinder is carried out in combination with the working conditions. At the same time, the detailed design scheme of pulley, steel frame structure and pin shaft, as well as the matching and welding problems involved in the design are given in this paper. The feasibility of the design scheme is evaluated, and the shear force and bending moment of the portal girder are analyzed by ForceEffect. The dangerous section is checked and the materials with greater allowable stress are replaced by the failure structure. The finite element analysis of the integral steel frame and pin shaft is carried out by HyperMesh and Ansys to ensure that the design has sufficient stiffness, strength and stability. Finally, the hydraulic system is designed, including compensation loop, winch loop and synchronous double cylinder system loop. The compensation loop is integrated in the controlled winch, which can reduce the negative effect caused by the wave heave. The winch loop has two main functions, including winch retraction and braking. The synchronous double cylinder system loop plays an important role in adjusting the angle of the gantry, so that the type A gantry can move steadily inside and outside the ship's side. In this paper, the feasibility of all the circuits is analyzed in detail, and the hydraulic system loop is established by AMESim to verify the synchronization of two cylinders. This paper describes the hydraulic control principle and electromagnet control sequence, and lists the main hydraulic components including hydraulic pump, motor, relief valve, electromagnetic reversing valve, balance valve, throttle valve, oil pipe, oil tank and so on. At the same time, the control panel of winch and gantry is placed in the rear of the layout and recovery system, which is integrated with hydraulic components and pipelines. Control panel can display various oil pressure, and automatic and manual control function. Remote control of winch and hydraulic cylinder can be realized by connecting control box.
【學位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P751

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