【摘要】：海洋是地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分，長期以來一直為人們生存發(fā)展提供著必要的物質(zhì)資源和服務(wù)，是人類賴以生存的重要環(huán)境。近年來隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，對石油的需求越來越大，海上油氣開采、海洋石油運輸?shù)囊?guī)模不斷擴大。與此同時，海洋溢油事故也頻繁發(fā)生，事故不僅造成人類生存環(huán)境質(zhì)量的下降，，還使海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)遭受嚴重破壞。但是由于在事故處理中，人們多是關(guān)注直接的環(huán)境損失，對更為巨大的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值損失研究并未廣泛開展，導(dǎo)致溢油污染造成的環(huán)境損害得不到充分賠償。因此，建立一套科學(xué)合理又簡單可行的溢油污染生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)損害評估指標有著重要的理論意義和實際意義。 基于以上背景，本研究將能值理論及分析方法引入海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)損失評價中。主要研究內(nèi)容包括：（1）探討溢油對海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)各組分的影響及現(xiàn)有溢油污染生態(tài)損害評估內(nèi)容及方法，在對比前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上，對海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)提供的各種服務(wù)進行合理分類，對各種服務(wù)所包含的子服務(wù)進行受損識別。（2）針對目前我國溢油生態(tài)損害評估忽視生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)損失的現(xiàn)狀，基于我國目前已有的相關(guān)研究成果，運用能值理論建立了一套完整的海洋溢油生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)損失評估體系，利用該體系進行計算，使評價結(jié)果更加全面，更為客觀，可信度更高。（3）將構(gòu)建的評估體系應(yīng)用于“塔斯曼海”輪的案例研究中，對本次溢油事故造成的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)損失進行評估。 研究結(jié)果表明：溢油事故對支持服務(wù)造成的損失比重最大，其次為供給服務(wù)、調(diào)節(jié)服務(wù)。溢油污染對海洋底棲生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞程度最為嚴重，與原始評估結(jié)果一致。估算的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)損失總量為1645.96萬元，為原始評估結(jié)果的2.2倍。同時，研究成果還能為海洋溢油生態(tài)損害評估提供定量化技術(shù)支持，建議盡快完善我國的溢油生態(tài)損害評估模式，避免今后類似事件中出現(xiàn)國家生態(tài)資本的無謂損失。
[Abstract]:The ocean is an important part of the earth ecosystem. For a long time, it has been providing necessary material resources and services for the survival and development of people, and it is also an important environment for human survival. In recent years, with the development of economy, the demand for oil is increasing, and the scale of offshore oil transportation is expanding. At the same time, marine oil spill accidents occur frequently, which not only lead to the deterioration of human living environment quality, but also cause serious damage to marine ecosystem. However, due to the fact that people pay more attention to the direct environmental loss in the accident treatment, the study on the loss of the value of marine ecosystem services is not widely carried out, resulting in the environmental damage caused by oil spill pollution can not be fully compensated. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to establish a set of scientific, reasonable, simple and feasible assessment indexes for ecosystem service damage caused by oil spill pollution. Based on the above background, the emergy theory and analysis method are applied to the assessment of marine ecosystem service loss. The main contents are as follows: (1) the effects of oil spill on the components of marine ecosystem and the existing assessment contents and methods of ecological damage caused by oil spill are discussed. The various services provided by marine ecosystem are classified rationally and the sub-services included in the various services are identified. (2) the current situation of ecosystem service loss is ignored in the assessment of oil spill ecological damage in China. Based on the existing relevant research results in China, an integrated evaluation system of marine oil spill ecosystem service loss is established by using the emergy theory. The evaluation results are more comprehensive and objective by using the system to calculate the loss of marine oil spill ecosystem services. (3) the evaluation system is applied to the case study of the Tasman Sea to evaluate the loss of marine ecosystem services caused by the oil spill accident. The results show that the proportion of loss caused by oil spill accident to support service is the largest, followed by supply service and regulation service. Oil spill pollution caused the most serious damage to the marine benthic ecological environment, which was consistent with the original assessment results. The estimated total loss of marine ecosystem services is 16.4596 million yuan, 2.2 times of the original assessment results. At the same time, the research results can also provide quantitative technical support for the assessment of marine oil spill ecological damage. It is suggested that China's assessment model of oil spill ecological damage should be improved as soon as possible to avoid the unnecessary loss of national ecological capital in similar incidents in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X55;X171

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