【摘要】：海灘-珊瑚礁系統(tǒng)作為常見的海岸組合類型,在我國南海區(qū)域普遍發(fā)育。全球氣候變化和海岸帶人類開發(fā)活動(dòng)的影響導(dǎo)致珊瑚礁海岸的侵蝕現(xiàn)象普遍發(fā)生。本文通過對(duì)典型珊瑚礁岸段的跟蹤觀測(cè),結(jié)合前人研究資料,在認(rèn)識(shí)我國珊瑚礁海岸動(dòng)力地貌過程的基礎(chǔ)上,探討其分布規(guī)律和侵蝕特征,分析侵蝕過程和原因,探討了我國珊瑚礁海岸侵蝕的適應(yīng)性管理模式。研究結(jié)論如下:(1)海灘-珊瑚礁系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力地貌過程:珊瑚礁岸段海灘季節(jié)性規(guī)律明顯,夏季灘面窄陡且后濱堆積,冬季灘面寬緩且后濱侵蝕,而表層沉積物夏季變粗,冬季變細(xì)。珊瑚礁對(duì)相鄰海灘具有良好保護(hù)作用,珊瑚礁保護(hù)下的海灘具有更好的動(dòng)力適應(yīng)能力和更好的穩(wěn)定性。海灘-珊瑚礁系統(tǒng)中海灘的風(fēng)暴響應(yīng)特征是珊瑚礁對(duì)海岸能量的消耗能力和海灘固有的緩沖能力這兩者的綜合作用結(jié)果。(2)珊瑚礁海岸侵蝕特征:珊瑚礁形成的天然護(hù)岸屏障,防止或減緩海岸侵蝕,我國珊瑚岸礁發(fā)育的岸段海岸侵蝕整體上不明顯。海灘侵蝕強(qiáng)度與珊瑚礁破壞程度具有明顯的響應(yīng)關(guān)系,且隨著破壞程度的增強(qiáng)呈現(xiàn)出由隱性緩慢性侵蝕轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)轱@性爆發(fā)性侵蝕的過程。受海岸動(dòng)力地貌過程和珊瑚生態(tài)發(fā)育過程控制,珊瑚礁海岸侵蝕過程可分為醞釀期、隱性期和爆發(fā)期三個(gè)階段。(3)珊瑚礁海岸侵蝕原因:珊瑚礁海岸侵蝕原因包括珊瑚礁生態(tài)因素和海岸因素。海岸侵蝕原因要素在珊瑚礁海岸表現(xiàn)形式不同,其時(shí)空尺度響應(yīng)有所差異,主要表現(xiàn)為對(duì)海平面上升、風(fēng)暴和大浪潮因素帶來的負(fù)面影響的減緩和降低;對(duì)導(dǎo)致發(fā)育環(huán)境惡化的氣候變化因素的敏感反應(yīng),響應(yīng)則更為快速和明顯。(4)珊瑚礁海岸適應(yīng)性管理:是協(xié)調(diào)珊瑚礁海岸問題,實(shí)現(xiàn)珊瑚、海岸兩位一體管理的重要手段,其核心內(nèi)容是認(rèn)識(shí)海灘-珊瑚礁系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜性和海岸侵蝕問題的不確定性,建立珊瑚礁海岸管理框架,基于長(zhǎng)效監(jiān)測(cè)不斷適應(yīng)性地對(duì)管理機(jī)制進(jìn)行調(diào)整,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:As a common coastal assemblage, beach-coral reef system is widely developed in the South China Sea. Global climate change and the impact of human development activities in coastal zones have led to widespread erosion of coral reef coasts. In this paper, the distribution and erosion characteristics of typical coral reef coastal sections are discussed on the basis of understanding the dynamic geomorphological process of coral reef coast in China, and the erosion process and reasons are analyzed on the basis of tracking and observation of typical coral reef shoreline and combining with previous research data. The adaptive management model of coral reef coastal erosion in China is discussed. The results are as follows: (1) the dynamic geomorphological process of the beach-coral reef system: the seasonal regularity of the coral reef beach is obvious, the beach surface is narrow and steep in summer and the back shore accumulates, the beach width is slow and the back shore erodes in winter, but the surface sediment becomes thicker in summer. Winter is thinning. Coral reefs have good protection to adjacent beaches, and the beaches under coral reef protection have better dynamic adaptability and better stability. The characteristics of beach storm response in beach-coral reef system are the combined effect of coral reef on coastal energy consumption and beach inherent buffer capacity. (2) Coral reef coastal erosion characteristics: natural revetment barrier formed by coral reef. To prevent or slow down the coastal erosion, the coastal erosion of the coral reef developed in China is not obvious on the whole. The relationship between beach erosion intensity and coral reef damage degree is obvious, and with the increase of damage degree, the beach erosion intensity changes from recessive slow erosion to dominant explosive erosion. Controlled by coastal dynamic geomorphological process and coral ecological development process, coral reef coastal erosion process can be divided into gestation period. Recessive period and outbreak stage. (3) Coral reef coastal erosion cause: coral reef coastal erosion causes include coral reef ecological factors and coastal factors. The temporal and spatial scale responses of coastal erosion factors are different in different forms of coral reef coasts, mainly for the mitigation and reduction of the negative effects caused by sea level rise, storm and large wave factors. (4) Coral reef coastal adaptive management: an important means of reconciling coral reef coastal problems and achieving both coral and coastal management, Its core content is to understand the complexity of beach-coral reef system and the uncertainty of coastal erosion problem, to establish the framework of coral reef coastal management, to adjust the management mechanism continuously and adaptively based on long-term monitoring, and finally to realize sustainable development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國家海洋局第三海洋研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P748;P737.1

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