【摘要】：聲學(xué)技術(shù)在海洋環(huán)境觀測中具有重要的作用。河口海岸區(qū)域的高頻聲層析技術(shù)為觀測河口海岸區(qū)域的溫、鹽、流等環(huán)境參數(shù)提供了有效聲學(xué)手段。近年來,亞太地區(qū)的沿海、河口及邊緣海的沿岸聲層析觀測成為研究熱點。然而,以往的沿岸聲層析研究主要關(guān)注10km尺度的中頻海洋聲層析觀測,以及邊緣海區(qū)域的中低頻聲層析研究。而關(guān)于河口海岸區(qū)域的高頻聲層析工作開展較少。本文主要圍繞河口海岸區(qū)域的高頻聲層析問題,進行了理論探討、數(shù)值模擬、設(shè)備研發(fā)和實驗觀測等多方面的研究。 首先,本文介紹和整理了河口海岸區(qū)域溫流反演的互易傳輸模型。其次,基于互易傳輸模型,進行了河口海岸區(qū)域的高空間分辨率聲層析理論研究,提出了網(wǎng)格化的高空間分辨率反演方法。并以廈門嵩嶼電廠海域的衛(wèi)星遙感海面溫度數(shù)據(jù)和區(qū)域海洋模型的流場數(shù)據(jù),對廈門嵩嶼電廠海域這一溫度變化顯著,流場分布較為復(fù)雜的典型河口海岸區(qū)域的二維高空間分辨率溫度、流場聲層析反演進行了理論研究。討論了聲站數(shù)、測量誤差與反演精度的關(guān)系,并在高分辨率、高階情況下對廣泛使用的傅里葉級數(shù)模型進行了數(shù)值研究。結(jié)果表明,聲層析理論研究精確重建了40m高空間分辨率的聲速、溫度分布和流場。 在理論研究的工作上更進一步,研發(fā)了河口海岸區(qū)域的15kHz高頻聲層析觀測設(shè)備�；贜I數(shù)據(jù)采集卡和LabVIEW編程,利用GPS的硬件定時實現(xiàn)了微秒精度的時間同步,實現(xiàn)了傳播時間的準確測量。 最后,在廈門鷺江海峽進行了高頻聲層析觀測實驗。實驗精確測量了鷺江海峽的聲互易傳播時間,獲得了鷺江海峽的聲速變化和流速變化。對鷺江海峽潮流的測量較為準確,符合以前的觀測與模型數(shù)據(jù)。在實驗中,對調(diào)制偽隨機碼長度,接收信號信噪比以及流速測量誤差進行了比較研究。 本文通過理論與實驗研究表明,河口海岸區(qū)域的高頻聲層析技術(shù)為本區(qū)域的高分辨率溫度、聲速分布和海流測量提供了有價值的聲學(xué)方法。
[Abstract]:Acoustic technology plays an important role in marine environmental observation. The technique of high frequency acoustic tomography in estuarine and coastal areas provides an effective acoustic means for observing the environmental parameters such as temperature, salt and current in estuarine and coastal areas. In recent years, coastal acoustic tomography observations of coastal, estuarine and marginal seas in the Asia-Pacific region have become a hot topic. However, previous studies of coastal acoustic tomography mainly focus on the 10km scale of mid-frequency ocean acoustic tomography observation, and the marginal sea area of mid-low frequency acoustic tomography research. However, there is less work on high frequency acoustic tomography in estuarine and coastal areas. This paper focuses on the problems of high frequency acoustic tomography in estuarine and coastal areas, including theoretical research, numerical simulation, equipment development and experimental observation. Firstly, this paper introduces and arranges the reciprocal transmission model for the inversion of the temperature current in the estuarine and coastal regions. Secondly, based on the reciprocal transmission model, the high spatial resolution acoustic tomography theory of estuarine and coastal area is studied, and a high spatial resolution inversion method based on grid is proposed. Based on the satellite remote sensing sea surface temperature data of Songyu Power Plant in Xiamen and the current field data of the regional ocean model, the temperature variation in the sea area of Songyu Power Plant in Xiamen is significant. Two dimensional high spatial resolution temperature and acoustic tomography inversion of flow field in typical estuarine and coastal regions with complex flow field distribution are studied theoretically. The relationship between the number of acoustic stations, measurement errors and inversion accuracy is discussed, and the widely used Fourier series model is numerically studied in the case of high resolution and high order. The results show that the sound velocity, temperature distribution and flow field at a high spatial resolution of 40 m are accurately reconstructed by acoustic tomography theory. Furthermore, the 15kHz high frequency acoustic tomography observation equipment in estuarine and coastal areas has been developed. Based on NI data acquisition card and LabVIEW programming, the time synchronization of microsecond precision is realized by using the hardware of GPS, and the accurate measurement of propagation time is realized. Finally, a high frequency acoustic tomography observation experiment was carried out in the Lujiang Strait of Xiamen. The sound velocity and velocity variation of the Lujiang Strait were obtained by measuring the sound reciprocal propagation time. The measurement of the tidal current in the Lujiang Strait is accurate and consistent with the previous observation and model data. In the experiment, the length of modulation pseudorandom code, the SNR of received signal and the error of velocity measurement are compared. Theoretical and experimental studies show that high frequency acoustic tomography in estuarine and coastal areas provides a valuable acoustic method for high resolution temperature, velocity distribution and current measurement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P733.2

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