【摘要】：泥質(zhì)區(qū)沉積記錄是全新世海洋環(huán)境演變的重要信息載體，對“1:25萬青島幅海洋區(qū)域地質(zhì)調(diào)查”項(xiàng)目采集的淺地層剖面資料進(jìn)行精細(xì)解釋，在山東半島南部近岸海域發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個小型泥質(zhì)沉積區(qū)，該沉積區(qū)主要分布在青島嶗山頭以北至乳山口附近的近岸海域，整體上平行海岸線呈條帶狀分布，由岸向海逐漸變薄，等厚深度分布平行于岸線，沉積中心位于鰲山灣海域，AMS14C測年結(jié)果表明，該泥質(zhì)區(qū)形成于全新世。本文利用在泥質(zhì)區(qū)采集的76個表層沉積物和3個柱狀樣沉積物樣品的粒度、黏土礦物、碎屑礦物、地球化學(xué)元素等分析測試結(jié)果，對比研究區(qū)周邊主要入海河流（大沽河、五龍河、乳山河）沉積物質(zhì)，結(jié)合淺鉆（QDQZ03孔）的粒度、元素地球化學(xué)、黏土礦物、碎屑礦物和AMS14C測年數(shù)據(jù)，綜合分析了山東半島南部近岸海域泥質(zhì)沉積區(qū)的沉積特征和物源情況。結(jié)果顯示： （1）按照Folk分類，研究區(qū)底質(zhì)類型為粉砂、砂質(zhì)粉砂，其中粉砂占沉積物面積的70%，砂質(zhì)粉砂占30%。研究區(qū)QDZ02、QDZ14、QDZ18柱狀樣粒度參數(shù)分析表明：自西向東，沉積物的顆粒由粗變細(xì)，沉積物組分中砂含量變少，細(xì)顆粒沉積物增加。自北向南，沉積物的顆粒由細(xì)變粗，沉積物組分中砂含量變大，細(xì)顆粒沉積物減少。研究區(qū)QDQZ03鉆孔揭示了整個鉆孔淺部（0~8.63m）的沉積物組分含砂量較少，淺部地層水動力環(huán)境較弱，比較適于粉砂和黏土的沉積。 （2）研究區(qū)表層沉積物黏土礦物中，伊利石、蒙脫石含量更接近于黃河沉積物含量。從表層樣、柱狀樣沉積物的伊利石－蒙脫石－（綠泥石＋高嶺石）三角端元來看，研究區(qū)沉積物黏土礦物與南黃海沉積物相近，更接近于黃河物質(zhì)，而偏離長江物質(zhì)。 （3）根據(jù)研究區(qū)表層沉積物碎屑礦物特征，劃分了嶗山-即墨近岸礦物區(qū)、海陽海域礦物區(qū)、乳山近岸礦物區(qū)。各區(qū)物質(zhì)來源不一，主要是近源與遠(yuǎn)源物質(zhì)，其中近源有沿岸和島嶼剝蝕的物質(zhì)、近岸入海河流攜帶的泥沙；遠(yuǎn)源物質(zhì)有現(xiàn)代黃河物質(zhì)。 （4）利用判別函數(shù)選取稀土元素Ce/La和Sm/Nd作為對比元素對，以附近的中小河流（五龍河、乳山河）和我國的大河長江、黃河作為端元，沿3條剖面線計(jì)算了DF值。結(jié)果顯示，研究區(qū)沉積物的物質(zhì)與黃河沉積物接近程度最高。為了消除沉積物粒度的影響，對地球化學(xué)環(huán)境中比較穩(wěn)定的元素的比值與稀土元素比值進(jìn)行了比較，如Ti/Al、Ti/Zr、Gd/Nd、La/Yb、La/Co等。從元素對比分析圖上看出，研究區(qū)表層沉積物元素比值與黃河沉積物更接近，而偏離長江沉積物質(zhì)。同時，周邊中小河流入海也對其物源產(chǎn)生一定的影響。 （5）將研究區(qū)表層沉積物中常量元素、微量元素、沉積物底質(zhì)類型等參數(shù)利用SPSS軟件進(jìn)行R型因子分析，按主成分法抽取、最大方差法旋轉(zhuǎn)分析得到4個主因子，，累積方差貢獻(xiàn)為89.39%。其中，F(xiàn)1因子元素組合明顯與沉積物類型相關(guān)，反映了元素分布與沉積物粒度的關(guān)系，為親碎屑元素組合；F2因子代表了生物碳酸鹽沉積組分的元素組合；F3因子方差貢獻(xiàn)率為9.62%，因子代表組合為砂、粉砂和TiO2；F4因子代表了海水對表層沉積物的影響。 綜合研究區(qū)沉積物的黏土礦物、碎屑礦物、元素地球化學(xué)特征，可以得出，山東半島南部近岸海域泥質(zhì)沉積區(qū)物質(zhì)來源主要是來自黃河的物質(zhì)，同時也受到近岸物源的影響。
[Abstract]:Sedimentary records of muddy areas are important information carriers for the evolution of marine environment in Holocene. Detailed interpretation of the shallow stratum section data collected by the project of "1:250000 Qingdao Marine Regional Geological Survey" has been made. A small muddy sedimentary area has been found in the coastal waters of southern Shandong Peninsula. The sedimentary area is mainly located north of Laoshan Tour, Qingdao. In the coastal waters near Rushankou, the whole parallel coastline is in a strip-like distribution, gradually thinning from coast to sea, and the equal thickness depth distribution is parallel to the coastline. The sedimentary center is located in the Aoshan Bay. The results of AMS14C dating show that the muddy area was formed in Holocene. 76 surface sediments and 3 columnar sediments were collected in the muddy area. The grain size, clay minerals, clastic minerals and geochemical elements of the samples were analyzed. The sediments of the main rivers (Dagu River, Wulong River, Rushan River) around the study area were compared, and the grain size, element geochemistry, clay minerals, clastic minerals and AMS14C dating data of the shallow drilling hole (QDQZ03) were analyzed. Sedimentary characteristics and provenance of the muddy sedimentary area near the coast.
(1) According to Folk classification, the sediment types in the study area are silt, sandy silt, of which silt accounts for 70% of the sediment area and sandy silt accounts for 30%. The grain size parameters of QDZ02, QDZ14 and QDZ18 columnar samples in the study area show that from west to east, the sediment grains are coarser and finer, the sand content in the sediment components is less, and the fine sediments are increased. The grain size of the sediment changes from fine to coarse, the sand content in the sediment components increases and the fine sediment decreases.
(2) Among the clay minerals in the surface sediments of the study area, illite and montmorillonite contents are more similar to those in the Yellow River sediments. The material of the river.
(3) According to the characteristics of clastic minerals in the surface sediments of the study area, Laoshan-Jimo offshore mineral area, Haiyang offshore mineral area and Rushan offshore mineral area are divided. Material.
(4) The rare earth elements Ce/La and Sm/Nd were selected as contrast elements by discriminant function, and the DF values were calculated along three sections along the middle and small rivers (Wulong River, Rushan River) and the Yangtze River and Yellow River in China. The results showed that the sediments in the study area were the closest to those in the Yellow River. The results show that the surface sediment element ratio of the study area is closer to that of the Yellow River sediment and deviates from the sediment of the Yangtze River. It has a certain effect on its provenance.
(5) The R-type factor analysis was carried out by SPSS software for the parameters of major elements, trace elements and sediment types in the surface sediments of the study area. Four principal factors were extracted by principal component analysis and the cumulative variance contribution was 89.39%. Among them, the element combination of factor F1 was obviously related to the sediment types, reflecting the elements. The relationship between the distribution and the grain size of sediments is a combination of clastic-like elements; F2 factor represents the element combination of bio-carbonate sedimentary components; F3 factor variance contribution rate is 9.62%; F3 factor represents the combination of sand, silt and TiO2; F4 factor represents the influence of seawater on surface sediments.
According to the geochemical characteristics of clay minerals, clastic minerals and elements in the sediments of the study area, it can be concluded that the material sources of the muddy sediments in the coastal area of the southern Shandong Peninsula are mainly from the Yellow River and are also influenced by the near-shore material sources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P736.21

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