【摘要】：海灘侵蝕是世界各地沿海普遍發(fā)生的問題，是當今地球科學的研究熱點之一。20世紀70年代至今，山東半島海灘侵蝕形式日益嚴峻。山東目前有80%的砂質(zhì)海灘遭受侵蝕，沙灘顆粒粗化，絕大部分已變?yōu)榍治g的重災(zāi)段。海灘是山東省的重要旅游資源，隨著社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，人們對沙灘休閑度假的需求日益增長，如何保護沙灘，已是山東海岸海洋行政管理部門的重要課題，亦是打造山東半島藍色經(jīng)濟區(qū)的需要。 本文以山東半島東部海灘為研究對象，以現(xiàn)場調(diào)查資料為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合歷史地形圖、衛(wèi)片資料和前人研究成果，進行了如下研究工作：對山東半島東部海灘進行分類，并進行海灘質(zhì)量評價；研究海灘的演化規(guī)律，分析海岸侵蝕的現(xiàn)狀及原因，闡明了影響海灘侵蝕的主要影響因素；通過模型預(yù)測研究了海灘的穩(wěn)定性；分析了研究區(qū)內(nèi)海灘利用及保護現(xiàn)狀，并根據(jù)實際情況提出了相應(yīng)的海岸保護對策。具體結(jié)論如下： （1）通過野外實地調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)山東半島東部沙灘資源豐富，數(shù)量大、分布廣、沙層厚、岬灣型海灘、平直海灘均有，空間分布比較均勻，有利于規(guī)劃與利用。 （2）根據(jù)海灘海岸地貌類型和沙灘動力進行了海灘分類。前者分類方式將海灘劃分為三種類型：岬灣型海岸、沙壩瀉型湖海岸和夷直型海岸，其中沙壩瀉湖海岸又可分為沙壩型、沙咀型和連島型海岸三個亞型。其中岬灣型海岸43個，沙壩-瀉湖/沙咀型13個，沙壩-瀉湖/沙壩型6個，，沙壩-瀉湖/連島型5個。根據(jù)動力地貌類型可分為：耗散型（馬欄阱-楮島）、沙壩-槽谷型（紋石寶灘、天鵝湖海灘、乳山銀灘）、低潮階地型（威海國際海水浴場、榮成海濱公園沙灘、靖海衛(wèi)沙灘位、海陽萬米沙灘）和反射型（半月灣海灘）四種。 （3）根據(jù)海灘質(zhì)量評價結(jié)果只有兩個海灘屬于“差”等級，大多數(shù)為“中”。評價結(jié)果與實地調(diào)研的情況相符，評價體系具有較高的可信度。 （4）研究區(qū)90%的海灘處于侵蝕狀態(tài)，根據(jù)沙灘侵蝕程度分為4個等級：嚴重侵蝕、侵蝕、微弱侵蝕和平衡狀態(tài)。威海榮成沿岸、煙臺海陽等岸段屬嚴重侵蝕型海灘，石島沿岸等處為侵蝕型，威海環(huán)翠區(qū)沿岸等岸段為微弱侵蝕型，平衡狀態(tài)型僅有兩處，所有的海岸侵蝕因素中人類影響是最主要的。 （5）通過對海灘季節(jié)變化、年際變化、海灘對風暴潮的響應(yīng)、常態(tài)條件下及極端天氣下海灘的演化趨勢等研究了山東半島東部海灘的演變規(guī)律。通過數(shù)值模擬發(fā)現(xiàn)由于多種因素的耦合作用靖海衛(wèi)海灘處于極不穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，沙灘系統(tǒng)處于崩潰的邊緣。 （6）研究區(qū)內(nèi)存在海灘硬性防護措施和軟性防護措施兩種海灘保護方式，但規(guī)模較小。今后的海岸防護手段要根據(jù)海灘功用來制定，以生態(tài)護岸為主，輔以合理可行的硬性護岸。
[Abstract]:Beach erosion is a common problem in coastal areas all over the world. It is one of the research hotspots in earth science. Since 1970s, beach erosion in Shandong Peninsula has become increasingly severe. At present, 80% of sandy beaches in Shandong Province have been eroded. Beach is an important tourism resource in Shandong Province. With the development of social economy, people's demand for beach leisure vacation is growing day by day. How to protect the beach is an important topic for Shandong coastal marine administration department. It is also the need to create the blue economic zone of Shandong Peninsula. This paper takes the eastern beaches of Shandong Peninsula as the research object, based on the field investigation data, combining with the historical topographic map, the satellite data and the previous research results, carries out the following research work: classify the eastern beaches of the Shandong Peninsula, The beach quality is evaluated, the evolution law of beach is studied, the current situation and reason of coastal erosion are analyzed, the main influencing factors of beach erosion are clarified, and the stability of beach is studied by model prediction. The present situation of beach utilization and protection in the study area is analyzed, and the corresponding coastal protection countermeasures are put forward according to the actual situation. The specific conclusions are as follows: (1) through field investigation, it is found that the east of Shandong Peninsula is rich in sand resources, large in quantity, wide in distribution, thick in sand layer, and there are both cape bay beaches and flat beaches, and the spatial distribution is relatively uniform. (2) the beach classification is carried out according to the beach coastal landform type and beach dynamic force. The former classifies the beach into three types: promontory coast, sand bar cathartic lake coast and barren coast, among which the sand bar lagoon coast can be divided into three subtypes: sand dam type, Sha Tsui type and even island type coast. Among them, there are 43 promontory coasts, 13 Shaba lagoon / Sha Tsui type, 6 Shaba lagoon / sand dam type, 5 sand dam-lagoon / even island type. According to the type of dynamic geomorphology, it can be divided into three types: dissipative type (Marlan-Cheng-Chu Island), Shaba-trough valley type (Wenshibao Beach, Swan Lake Beach, Rushan Silver Beach), low tide terrace type (Weihai International Beach, Rongcheng Seaside Park Beach, Jinghai Beach, Jinghai Beach). (3) according to the results of beach quality evaluation, only two beaches belong to "bad" grade, most of which are "medium". The evaluation results are consistent with the field investigation, and the evaluation system has a high reliability. (4) 90% of the beaches in the study area are in erosion state, which can be divided into four grades according to the beach erosion degree: severe erosion. Weak erosion and equilibrium. Along the Rongcheng coast of Weihai, the Yantai Haiyang section belongs to the seriously eroded beach, the Shidao coast is the erosive type, the Weihai circular area coastal section is the weak erosion type, and the equilibrium type is only two places. Of all the coastal erosion factors, human influence is the most important. (5) the response of beaches to storm surges through seasonal changes, interannual changes, and beach responses to storm surges. The evolution of beaches in the east of Shandong Peninsula is studied under normal conditions and extreme weather conditions. Through numerical simulation, it is found that Jinghai beach is in a very unstable state because of the coupling of many factors. The beach system is on the verge of collapse. (6) there are two kinds of beach protection methods in the study area: hard protection and soft protection, but the scale is relatively small. In the future, coastal protection measures should be formulated according to beach function, mainly ecological bank protection, supplemented by reasonable and feasible hard bank protection.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P748

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