【摘要】：東海赤潮頻發(fā),并存在著演替的現(xiàn)象,赤潮演替的機(jī)制是研究熱點(diǎn)。本文研究了東海赤潮高發(fā)區(qū)游離態(tài)多胺組成、濃度及平面分布以及不同營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽條件下圍隔生態(tài)系內(nèi)多胺濃度變化,研究多胺與赤潮演替之間的關(guān)系。另外,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)開展了營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽限制條件下中肋骨條藻和東海原甲藻的生長(zhǎng)狀況及生理響應(yīng)。同時(shí)進(jìn)行了添加多胺對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽限制條件下中肋骨條藻和東海原甲藻生長(zhǎng)的調(diào)節(jié)作用實(shí)驗(yàn),進(jìn)一步揭示多胺對(duì)赤潮藻耐營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽脅迫效應(yīng)的調(diào)節(jié)作用。調(diào)查海區(qū)腐胺、亞精胺和精胺的濃度范圍分別為0~48nmol/L,3~11nmol/L和2~17nmol/L,其中腐胺的平均濃度最高,亞精胺次之,精胺的濃度最低。從平面分布看,在4月份以中肋骨條藻為主的硅藻赤潮爆發(fā)期,和5月份以東海原甲藻為主的甲藻赤潮爆發(fā)期,赤潮爆發(fā)的區(qū)域多胺濃度相對(duì)較高;各個(gè)斷面的多胺濃度隨著赤潮爆發(fā)的過程發(fā)生變化,并且與有機(jī)碳、顆粒有機(jī)碳、有機(jī)氮以及碳氮比等呈較明顯的相關(guān)性。在東海赤潮爆發(fā)區(qū)域運(yùn)用圍隔生態(tài)系實(shí)驗(yàn)方法,研究了不同營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽條件下圍隔生態(tài)系內(nèi)多胺濃度變化。2011年取用中肋骨條藻赤潮爆發(fā)處海水,所有圍隔生態(tài)系內(nèi)優(yōu)勢(shì)種都發(fā)生了從中肋骨條藻到東海原甲藻的演替。各圍隔生態(tài)系內(nèi)腐胺濃度最高,在中肋骨條藻生長(zhǎng)初期腐胺濃度下降,隨著中肋骨條藻的生長(zhǎng)有所上升,實(shí)驗(yàn)后期隨著東海原甲藻的生長(zhǎng)又整體呈現(xiàn)出下降趨勢(shì);各實(shí)驗(yàn)組精胺濃度較低,在中肋骨條藻消亡東海原甲藻出現(xiàn)的種群演替期間,都呈現(xiàn)出較大波動(dòng);各圍隔內(nèi)亞精胺濃度較低,在整個(gè)種群演替過程中沒有明顯的變化。圍隔生態(tài)系中補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽,通過對(duì)浮游植物生長(zhǎng)的影響,間接影響圍隔生態(tài)系內(nèi)的多胺變化。在營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽限制條件下中肋骨條藻的生長(zhǎng)都受到抑制,特別是當(dāng)硅和磷的濃度都比較低的時(shí)候。在營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽限制條件下,各組中肋骨條藻體內(nèi)的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)都有所升高,在硅限制條件下表現(xiàn)的最為明顯;中肋骨條藻體內(nèi)的二胺氧化酶(DAO)和多胺氧化酶(PAO)都高于對(duì)照組;中肋骨條藻細(xì)胞內(nèi)多胺變化復(fù)雜,其中各形態(tài)腐胺(Put),游離態(tài)亞精胺(Spd)和總亞精胺(Spd),總精胺(Spm)的濃度都要高于對(duì)照組。營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽限制條件下,中肋骨條藻體內(nèi)生理指標(biāo)的變化都有利于藻細(xì)胞抵抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)鹽限制所帶來的損害。在營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽限制條件下中肋骨條藻生長(zhǎng)受到抑制,添加外源亞精胺和精胺后中肋骨條藻的生長(zhǎng)率都比限制條件下要高。說明添加外源亞精胺和精胺后能夠緩解營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽限制對(duì)中肋骨條藻的限制作用。營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽限制條件下中肋骨條藻細(xì)胞內(nèi)丙二醛的含量都要高于對(duì)照組,添加外源亞精胺和精胺后細(xì)胞內(nèi)丙二醛含量都有所降低,并且各實(shí)驗(yàn)組的SOD活性都要高于營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽限制實(shí)驗(yàn)組;添加外源多胺后,中肋骨條藻細(xì)胞內(nèi)DAO和PAO活性發(fā)生變化;添加外源亞精胺和精胺后,中肋骨條藻細(xì)胞內(nèi)束縛態(tài)多胺都有所升高,有利于增強(qiáng)藻細(xì)胞的穩(wěn)定性,抵抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)鹽限制造成的損害。營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽限制條件下東海原甲藻生長(zhǎng)都受到抑制。在營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽限制條件下,與對(duì)照組相比東海原甲藻體內(nèi)的MDA都明顯升高;與對(duì)照組相比東海原甲藻體內(nèi)的SOD活性都有所降低,特別是在氮磷濃度比較低的情況下;與對(duì)照組相比東海原甲藻體內(nèi)的PAO和DAO都有所升高。在營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽限制條件下,東海原甲藻細(xì)胞內(nèi)束縛態(tài)和總Put,游離態(tài)和束縛態(tài)和總Spd、Spm濃度都比對(duì)照組含量要高,都可能在東海原甲藻抵抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)鹽限制脅迫中起到了重要作用。在營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽限制條件下東海原甲藻生長(zhǎng)受到限制,添加外源多胺后東海原甲藻生長(zhǎng)率都有所提高,外源多胺加入緩解了營(yíng)養(yǎng)限制對(duì)藻細(xì)胞的損害。營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽限制條件下添加外源多胺后,東海原甲藻細(xì)胞內(nèi)MDA含量降低,各實(shí)驗(yàn)組SOD活性都有所提升;營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽限制條件下添加外源游離態(tài)多胺后,東海原甲藻細(xì)胞內(nèi)DAO和PAO活性發(fā)生變化能夠調(diào)節(jié)藻細(xì)胞多胺的含量,有利于保護(hù)細(xì)胞完整性;營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽限制條件下添加外源游離態(tài)多胺后,東海原甲藻細(xì)胞內(nèi)多胺發(fā)生變化,有利于增強(qiáng)藻細(xì)胞的穩(wěn)定性,抵抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)鹽限制造成的損害。東海赤潮演替過程中多胺的濃度與分布與赤潮生物量有關(guān),圍隔生態(tài)系內(nèi)多胺的變化也來自于藻的變化。在營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽限制條件下中肋骨條藻和東海原甲藻都受到氧化損害,添加外源多胺后對(duì)中肋骨條藻和東海原甲藻抵抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)脅迫起到了明顯的調(diào)節(jié)作用。
[Abstract]:Red tides occur frequently in the East China Sea and occur succession. The mechanism of red tide succession is a hot topic. The composition, concentration and plane distribution of free polyamines in the high-incidence areas of red tides in the East China Sea and the changes of polyamines concentration in the enclosed ecosystems under different nutrient conditions were studied. The growth and physiological responses of Skeletonema costatum and Prorodina orientalis under nutrient restriction were studied. The effects of polyamines on the growth of Skeletonema costatum and Prodina orientalis under nutrient restriction were also studied. The effects of polyamines on the tolerance of red tide algae to nutrient stress were further revealed. The concentrations of amine, spermidine and spermine ranged from 0 to 48 nmol/L, 3 to 11 nmol/L and 2 to 17 nmol/L, respectively. The average concentration of putrescine was the highest, followed by spermidine, and spermine was the lowest. The concentrations of polyamines in different sections changed with the outbreak of red tide and correlated with organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, organic nitrogen and C/N ratio. The enclosure ecosystem experiment was conducted in the red tide outbreak area of the East China Sea to study the enclosure ecology under different nutrient conditions. The concentration of polyamines in the system changed. In 2011, the dominant species in the enclosure ecosystem successed from S. costatum to P. orientalis in the seawater at the outbreak of S. costatum red tide. In the later stage of the experiment, the concentration of spermine decreased with the growth of Prorodina in the East China Sea; the concentration of spermine in each experimental group was low, and fluctuated greatly during the population succession of Prorodina in the East China Sea, and the concentration of spermidine in each enclosure was low, and there was no obvious change during the whole population succession. The growth of Skeletonema costatum was inhibited under nutrient restriction, especially when the concentrations of silicon and phosphorus were low. Under nutrient restriction, superoxide dismutasion in Skeletonema costatum was observed in all groups. Both SOD and MDA were elevated, especially under silicon restriction. The activities of DAO and PAO in S. costatum were higher than those in control group. The changes of polyamines in S. costatum cells were complicated, including putrescine (Put), free spermidine (Spd) and total spermidine (Spm). The growth of S. costatum was inhibited under nutrient restriction, and the growth rate of S. costatum was higher than that of S. costatum under nutrient restriction. The content of malondialdehyde in cells of S. costatum was higher than that of control group under nutrient restriction. The content of malondialdehyde in cells of S. costatum was decreased after adding spermidine and spermine, and the activity of SOD in each experimental group was also decreased. After adding exogenous polyamines, the activities of DAO and PAO in the cells of S. costatum changed. After adding exogenous spermidine and spermine, the bound polyamines in the cells of S. costatum increased, which was beneficial to enhance the stability of algae cells and resist the damage caused by nutrient restriction. Prorodina growth in the Lower East China Sea was inhibited. Compared with the control group, the MDA in the protodina of the East China Sea was significantly increased under nutrient restriction. Compared with the control group, the SOD activity in the protodina of the East China Sea was decreased, especially when the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus was relatively low. The contents of bound and total Put, free and bound states, total Spd and Spm were higher than those of the control group under nutrient restriction, which may play an important role in the resistance of Prorocentra orientalis to nutrient stress. After adding exogenous polyamines, the content of MDA in the cells of P. donghaiensis decreased and the activity of SOD in each experimental group increased. When adding exogenous polyamines under nutrient restriction, the growth rate of P. donghaiensis increased. The changes of DAO and PAO activities in protodinoflagellate cells can regulate the content of polyamines in algae cells and protect the integrity of algae cells. The concentration and distribution of polyamines during succession were related to the biomass of red tide, and the changes of polyamines in the enclosure ecosystem were also caused by the changes of algae. Moderating effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院(海洋研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X55

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