【摘要】：埋地油罐油品泄漏問題日趨突出，已成為一個(gè)重要的環(huán)境問題。非飽和帶既是泄漏油品進(jìn)入地下水/大氣的通道，也是地下水/大氣免受泄漏油品污染的一道屏障。因此，研究非飽和帶土壤中汽油的微生物降解機(jī)制，可為埋地油罐場(chǎng)地地下水/大氣保護(hù)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本研究以汽油為目標(biāo)污染物，以非飽和的深層土壤為研究對(duì)象，開展了（1）典型汽油泄漏場(chǎng)地土壤中微生物豐度及群落多樣性；（2）電子受體硝酸鹽對(duì)非飽和土壤中汽油組分厭氧微生物降解的影響；（3）電子受體硫酸鹽對(duì)非飽和土壤中汽油組分厭氧微生物降解的影響研究。 實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR結(jié)果表明，未污染的對(duì)照地和汽油泄漏場(chǎng)地中表層土壤中微生物豐度高于深層土壤中的微生物豐度（1-2個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)）�；诳寺∥膸�(kù)的RDP分析結(jié)果表明，汽油泄漏地土壤細(xì)菌群落多樣性明顯低于對(duì)照?qǐng)龅赝寥�，且表層土壤�?xì)菌群落多樣性明顯高于深層土壤。受汽油污染的深層土壤AS和BS測(cè)序序列分別為97和95個(gè)，主要為Betaproteobacteria，而未受污染的對(duì)照?qǐng)龅厣顚油寥繡KS共測(cè)序99個(gè)克隆，測(cè)得的序列可歸入7個(gè)細(xì)菌類群（門）。 180天厭氧培養(yǎng)后，未添加硝酸鹽的對(duì)照處理（SGN0）土壤中單環(huán)芳烴濃度未發(fā)生明顯變化，但TPH（C6-C9）和TPH（C10-C12）降解率較高，分別為33%和37%。添加硝酸鹽電子受體的處理（SGN40、SGN200和SGN1000）土壤中甲苯、乙苯、TPH（C6-C9）和TPH（C10-C12）降解較為明顯，降解率分別為10%-47%、22%-82%、42%-57%和39%-52%，，且硝酸鹽添加量越多，其降解率越高。盡管如此，其他單環(huán)芳烴的降解不明顯。相對(duì)于對(duì)照處理，180天厭氧培養(yǎng)后添加硫酸鹽電子受體處理（SGS40、SGS200和SGS1000）土壤中單環(huán)芳烴如甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、1,2,4-三甲苯、仲丁苯以及TPH (C6-C9)、TPH (C10-C12)等含量未發(fā)生明顯變化。
[Abstract]:The leakage of buried oil tank has become an important environmental problem. Unsaturated zone is not only the passage of leaking oil into groundwater / atmosphere, but also the barrier of groundwater / atmosphere from leaking oil. Therefore, the study of microbial degradation mechanism of gasoline in unsaturated zone soil can provide scientific basis for groundwater / atmospheric protection of buried oil tank site. Taking gasoline as the target pollutant and unsaturated deep soil as the research object, this study carried out (1) microbial abundance and community diversity in the soil of typical gasoline leak site; (2) the effect of electron receptor nitrate on anaerobic microbial degradation of gasoline component in unsaturated soil and (3) the effect of electron receptor sulfate on anaerobic microbial degradation of gasoline component in unsaturated soil. The results of real-time quantitative PCR showed that the microbial abundance in the surface soil of the unpolluted control area and the gasoline spill site was higher than that in the deep soil (1-2 orders of magnitude). The results of RDP analysis based on clone library showed that the diversity of soil bacterial community in gasoline spill site was significantly lower than that in control soil, and the diversity of bacterial community in surface soil was significantly higher than that in deep soil. The sequence of AS and BS in the deep soil contaminated by gasoline were 97 and 95, respectively. The CKS sequence of the deep soil in the uncontaminated control site was 99 clones, and the sequence of CKS in the deep soil was 97 and 95, respectively. After 180 days of anaerobic culture, the concentration of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil of control (SGN0) treatment without nitrate had no significant change, but the degradation rates of TPH (C6-C9) and TPH (C10-C12) were higher (33% and 37%, respectively). The degradation of toluene (C6-C9) and TPH (C10-C12) in soil treated with nitrate electron receptor (SGN40,SGN200 and SGN1000) was obvious, and the degradation rate was 10-47 and 22-822% and 39-52%, respectively, and the higher the nitrate content was, the higher the degradation rate was. However, the degradation of other monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is not obvious. The contents of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (such as toluene, ethylbenzene, dimethylbenzene), secondary butadiene and TPH (C6-C9) TPH (C10-C12) in soil treated with sulphate electron receptor (SGS40,SGS200 and SGS1000) were not significantly changed compared with those of control treatment after 180 days anaerobic culture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：輕工業(yè)環(huán)境保護(hù)研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：X55;X172

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