南中國(guó)海PAHs的分布、生物泵輸出及時(shí)間序列研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-18 12:22
【摘要】：于2006年、2010-2013年分別采集了南海北部與南部海域的海水樣品,并對(duì)其中的溶解態(tài)與顆粒態(tài)多環(huán)芳烴(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)進(jìn)行了分析測(cè)定。本研究獲得了南海海水中PAHs的含量、水平與垂直分布特征、來源,以及南海北部海域中PAHs季節(jié)變化以及年際變化等地球化學(xué)行為特征,并探討了南海水文學(xué)過程和生物泵等相關(guān)因素對(duì)PAHs在該海域空間分布的影響,提升了對(duì)南海海洋環(huán)境中溶解態(tài)PAHs污染狀況的認(rèn)識(shí)。主要結(jié)論如下： 2006年9月,南海北部表層海水中溶解態(tài)和顆粒態(tài)PAHs的含量范圍分別為0.18-1.17ng/L(平均值0.49ng/L)、0.43-46.6ng/L(平均值9.40ng/L)。2010-2013年,南海表層海水中溶解態(tài)PAHs的含量范圍為2.79-81.39ng/L。總體上,當(dāng)前南海海水受PAHs污染程度在世界海域處于中等水平。 在南海北部海域,溶解態(tài)PAHs在水平方向上總體呈現(xiàn)隨離岸距離增加,濃度逐漸降低的分布特征。大氣沉降和地表徑流是造成河口與近岸海域PAHs濃度高于外海海域的重要原因。南海北部海域溶解態(tài)PAHs水平分布狀況與該海域的徑流、沿岸流、黑潮、南海暖流及渦流等水文學(xué)過程密切相關(guān)。而南海南部海域表層水體中PAHs的分布并無明顯的規(guī)律,局部地區(qū)出現(xiàn)高值。越南、菲律賓、馬來西亞等國(guó)家的工農(nóng)業(yè)排放及其在南沙海域油氣田的開采是其主要影響因素。 南海北部海域表層海水中溶解態(tài)PAHs的含量和分布呈現(xiàn)出明顯的年際變化和季節(jié)變化。自2006年至2013年,南海北部表層水體中溶解態(tài)PAHs的平均含量總體呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì),表明該海域PAHs污染狀況有進(jìn)一步加重的趨勢(shì),這與我國(guó)珠江三角洲經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)、香港、澳門等近岸海域及菲律賓、越南等東南亞地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。2011年春季,南海北部表層水體中溶解態(tài)PAHs濃度高于2010年秋季,呈現(xiàn)明顯的季節(jié)變化,生物泵與光降解等是其主要影響因素。海洋浮游植物可通過“生物泵”的作用將溶解態(tài)PAHs“泵”入到海洋的懸浮顆粒物中,發(fā)生沉降,導(dǎo)致南海水體中溶解態(tài)PAHs含量下降；秋季樣品中BaA/Chr的比值(平均值：4.99)明顯高于春季樣品(平均值：2.04),表明秋季光降解程度高于春季。 在越南以東開闊海域,200m以上水層中溶解態(tài)PAHs的含量相對(duì)高于200m以下水體中的含量。上升流、沉積物的再懸浮作用、生物泵過程和PAHs的輸入是影響南海西部海水中PAHs的垂直分布的重要因素。PAHs的大氣輸入會(huì)導(dǎo)致表層PAHs濃度較高；而顆粒物的再懸浮作用可使近岸底層水體中PAHs的含量高于表層水體。糞球、動(dòng)植物遺體等顆粒物的沉降過程與開闊海域PAHs在200m以下水層出現(xiàn)高值具有一定的相關(guān)關(guān)系。 運(yùn)用234Th/238U不平衡法估算出2004年9月南海北部海域S2與S5站位顆粒態(tài)PAHs的輸出通量分別為34.08μg/(m2·a)和15.29μg/(m2·a);2013年南海水體中顆粒態(tài)PAHs的輸出通量為0.42-66.66μg/(m2·a),平均值為23.71μg/(m2·a)。運(yùn)用葉綠素(Chl-a)法估算2013年南海水體中顆粒態(tài)PAHs的輸出通量為44.56-140.06μg/(m2·a),平均值為82.11μg/(m2·a)。234Th/238U不平衡法估算的顆粒態(tài)PAHs的輸出通量低于Chl-a法估算的結(jié)果。 最后,通過Ant/178、BaA/228、Flu/Flu+Pyr和InP/InP+BghiP四組PAHs的同分異構(gòu)體進(jìn)行源識(shí)別,得出南海海域PAHs的主要來源為燃燒來源,個(gè)別站位為石油來源,其中南海北部海域PAHs主要受我國(guó)珠江三角洲等近岸地區(qū)的工農(nóng)業(yè)排放影響,而南海南部海域則主要受越南、菲律賓、馬來西亞和文萊等東南亞國(guó)家影響較為嚴(yán)重。
[Abstract]:The dissolved and Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the northern and southern waters of the South China Sea were analyzed in 2006 and 2010-2013 respectively. The main conclusions are as follows:1.
In September 2006, the contents of dissolved PAHs and particulate PAHs in the surface waters of the northern South China Sea ranged from 0.18 ng/L to 1.17ng/L (mean 0.49ng/L) and from 0.43 ng/L to 46.6ng/L (mean 9.40ng/L). From 2010 to 2013, the contents of dissolved PAHs in the surface waters of the South China Sea ranged from 2.79 ng/L to 81.39ng/L. At medium level.
In the northern South China Sea, the concentration of dissolved PAHs decreases with the increase of offshore distance. Atmospheric subsidence and surface runoff are the main reasons for the higher concentration of PAHs in Estuary and offshore waters than offshore waters. Current, Kuroshio, South China Sea Warm Current and Vortex are closely related to hydrological processes. However, the distribution of PAHs in the surface waters of the southern South China Sea has no obvious regularity and high values appear in some areas.
The content and distribution of dissolved PAHs in the surface waters of the northern South China Sea show obvious interannual and seasonal variations. From 2006 to 2013, the average content of dissolved PAHs in the surface waters of the northern South China Sea shows an overall upward trend, indicating that the pollution of PAHs in this area has a further aggravated trend, which is in line with the Pearl River Delta in China. In the spring of 2011, the concentration of dissolved PAHs in the surface waters of the northern South China Sea was higher than that in the autumn of 2010, showing obvious seasonal variations. Biological pumps and photodegradation are the main factors affecting the development of marine phytoplankton. The dissolved PAHs were pumped into the suspended particulate matter and settled, resulting in the decrease of dissolved PAHs content in the South China Sea. The ratio of BaA/Chr in autumn samples (average value: 4.99) was significantly higher than that in spring samples (average value: 2.04), indicating that the photodegradation degree in autumn was higher than that in spring.
In the open sea area east of Vietnam, the content of dissolved PAHs in the water layer above 200 m is higher than that in the water below 200 m. Upwelling, sediment resuspension, biological pumping process and PAHs input are important factors affecting the vertical distribution of PAHs in the western South China Sea. The resuspension of particulate matter can make the content of PAHs in the bottom water of coastal waters higher than that in the surface water.
The output fluxes of particulate PAHs at S2 and S5 stations in the northern South China Sea in September 2004 were estimated by 234Th/238U imbalance method to be 34.08 UG /(m2.a) and 15.29 UG /(m2.a), respectively. The output fluxes of particulate PAHs in the South China Sea in 2013 were 0.42-66.66 UG /(m2.a), with an average of 23.71 UG /(m2.a). The chlorophyll (Chl-a) method was used to estimate the South China Sea in 2013. The output flux of particulate PAHs in seawater is 44.56-140.06 ug/(m2.a) with an average value of 82.11 ug/(m2.a). The output flux of particulate PAHs estimated by the 234Th/238U imbalance method is lower than that estimated by the Chl-a method.
Finally, source identification of four groups of PAHs isomers, Ant/178, BaA/228, Flu/Flu+Pyr and InP/InP+BghiP, shows that the main source of PAHs in the South China Sea is combustion, and individual stations are oil sources. The PAHs in the northern South China Sea are mainly affected by industrial and agricultural emissions in the coastal areas such as the Pearl River Delta, while in the Southern South China Sea. The region is mainly affected by Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei and other Southeast Asian countries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：X55
本文編號(hào)：2189456
[Abstract]:The dissolved and Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the northern and southern waters of the South China Sea were analyzed in 2006 and 2010-2013 respectively. The main conclusions are as follows:1.
In September 2006, the contents of dissolved PAHs and particulate PAHs in the surface waters of the northern South China Sea ranged from 0.18 ng/L to 1.17ng/L (mean 0.49ng/L) and from 0.43 ng/L to 46.6ng/L (mean 9.40ng/L). From 2010 to 2013, the contents of dissolved PAHs in the surface waters of the South China Sea ranged from 2.79 ng/L to 81.39ng/L. At medium level.
In the northern South China Sea, the concentration of dissolved PAHs decreases with the increase of offshore distance. Atmospheric subsidence and surface runoff are the main reasons for the higher concentration of PAHs in Estuary and offshore waters than offshore waters. Current, Kuroshio, South China Sea Warm Current and Vortex are closely related to hydrological processes. However, the distribution of PAHs in the surface waters of the southern South China Sea has no obvious regularity and high values appear in some areas.
The content and distribution of dissolved PAHs in the surface waters of the northern South China Sea show obvious interannual and seasonal variations. From 2006 to 2013, the average content of dissolved PAHs in the surface waters of the northern South China Sea shows an overall upward trend, indicating that the pollution of PAHs in this area has a further aggravated trend, which is in line with the Pearl River Delta in China. In the spring of 2011, the concentration of dissolved PAHs in the surface waters of the northern South China Sea was higher than that in the autumn of 2010, showing obvious seasonal variations. Biological pumps and photodegradation are the main factors affecting the development of marine phytoplankton. The dissolved PAHs were pumped into the suspended particulate matter and settled, resulting in the decrease of dissolved PAHs content in the South China Sea. The ratio of BaA/Chr in autumn samples (average value: 4.99) was significantly higher than that in spring samples (average value: 2.04), indicating that the photodegradation degree in autumn was higher than that in spring.
In the open sea area east of Vietnam, the content of dissolved PAHs in the water layer above 200 m is higher than that in the water below 200 m. Upwelling, sediment resuspension, biological pumping process and PAHs input are important factors affecting the vertical distribution of PAHs in the western South China Sea. The resuspension of particulate matter can make the content of PAHs in the bottom water of coastal waters higher than that in the surface water.
The output fluxes of particulate PAHs at S2 and S5 stations in the northern South China Sea in September 2004 were estimated by 234Th/238U imbalance method to be 34.08 UG /(m2.a) and 15.29 UG /(m2.a), respectively. The output fluxes of particulate PAHs in the South China Sea in 2013 were 0.42-66.66 UG /(m2.a), with an average of 23.71 UG /(m2.a). The chlorophyll (Chl-a) method was used to estimate the South China Sea in 2013. The output flux of particulate PAHs in seawater is 44.56-140.06 ug/(m2.a) with an average value of 82.11 ug/(m2.a). The output flux of particulate PAHs estimated by the 234Th/238U imbalance method is lower than that estimated by the Chl-a method.
Finally, source identification of four groups of PAHs isomers, Ant/178, BaA/228, Flu/Flu+Pyr and InP/InP+BghiP, shows that the main source of PAHs in the South China Sea is combustion, and individual stations are oil sources. The PAHs in the northern South China Sea are mainly affected by industrial and agricultural emissions in the coastal areas such as the Pearl River Delta, while in the Southern South China Sea. The region is mainly affected by Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei and other Southeast Asian countries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：X55
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