【摘要】：溢油事故已經(jīng)成為危害海洋環(huán)境的一個(gè)重要因素。對(duì)于各不相同的溢油情況來(lái)說(shuō),除了單一油種的泄露之外,還有混合油種的溢油情形。雖然我國(guó)也已開(kāi)展了溢油指紋的研究,但鑒別技術(shù)還需要進(jìn)一步提高,特別是在溢油指紋庫(kù)建設(shè)方面。如今,大部分海上溢油的鑒別研究是以單一原油特性為主的,而關(guān)于混合原油特性鑒定的研究極為少見(jiàn)。因此,本研究針對(duì)這一難題,對(duì)原油中多環(huán)芳烴的熒光特性在混合原油中的變化規(guī)律進(jìn)行了嘗試性的研究和探討,以期為海上溢油中混合原油的鑒定提供一個(gè)技術(shù)支持。實(shí)驗(yàn)采集了阿聯(lián)酋、沙特阿拉伯、馬來(lái)西亞、伊拉克、大慶5種原油樣本,采用恒波長(zhǎng)同步熒光法對(duì)油樣的熒光特性進(jìn)行檢測(cè)分析。根據(jù)5種單油中熒光特性強(qiáng)弱的差異,確定沙特阿拉伯-大慶,馬來(lái)西亞-沙特阿拉伯,大慶-阿聯(lián)酋,馬來(lái)西亞-阿聯(lián)酋、阿聯(lián)酋-沙特阿拉伯、阿聯(lián)酋-伊拉克相互混合作為風(fēng)化前的6組混油樣品,并在4個(gè)特征波長(zhǎng)下(304±1nm、334±2nm、354±2nm、388±3nm)考察了混合比例對(duì)熒光強(qiáng)度變化的影響。馬來(lái)西亞-沙特與阿聯(lián)酋-伊拉克這兩組混油的熒光強(qiáng)度與混合比的線性相關(guān)最顯著,沙特-大慶這組混油的線性相關(guān)次之。因?yàn)樯程?大慶與阿聯(lián)酋-伊拉克這兩組混油的正構(gòu)烷烴分布與混合比例線性相關(guān)最好,故確定風(fēng)化油樣也為沙特-大慶與阿聯(lián)酋-伊拉克這兩組混油。通過(guò)30天短期風(fēng)化實(shí)驗(yàn),探討了風(fēng)化對(duì)不同混合比油樣的熒光特性變化的影響。沙特-大慶混油：風(fēng)化前10天,不同混合比油樣的熒光強(qiáng)度變化范圍在20.3%-30.4%之間,之后20天的風(fēng)化期間,混油的熒光強(qiáng)度變化范圍小于13.6%。不同混合比油樣的熒光特性各自受風(fēng)化影響不大,通過(guò)各自的30天風(fēng)化熒光強(qiáng)度均值的對(duì)比可知,風(fēng)化后的混油熒光強(qiáng)度是隨著單油熒光特性強(qiáng)的組分增加而增強(qiáng)的,這與風(fēng)化前混油的熒光特性隨混合比變化的規(guī)律一致。阿聯(lián)酋—伊拉克混油：原油混合比為阿聯(lián)酋：伊拉克=3：1/2：1/1：1時(shí),整個(gè)風(fēng)化期間的熒光強(qiáng)度變化范圍小于11.3%。而在阿聯(lián)酋：伊拉克=1：2與1：3時(shí),風(fēng)化前10天其熒光強(qiáng)度變化范圍在16.8%-22.5%之間。風(fēng)化后20天,混油的熒光強(qiáng)度變化范圍小于11.3%。風(fēng)化后的混油熒光強(qiáng)度依然是隨著熒光強(qiáng)的單油的組分的增加而增強(qiáng)。
[Abstract]:Oil spill accident has become an important factor that endangers the marine environment. For different oil spills, there are mixed oil spills in addition to single oil spills. Although the research of oil spill fingerprint has been carried out in our country, the identification technology needs to be further improved, especially in the construction of oil spill fingerprint bank. Nowadays, most offshore oil spill identification studies mainly focus on the characteristics of single crude oil, but the identification of mixed crude oil characteristics is very rare. Therefore, in order to provide a technical support for the identification of mixed crude oil in offshore oil spill, the variation of fluorescence characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mixed crude oil is studied and discussed in this paper. The samples of UAE, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Iraq and Daqing were collected. The fluorescence characteristics of oil samples were detected and analyzed by constant wavelength synchronous fluorescence method. Based on the differences of fluorescence characteristics in five kinds of single oil, it is determined that Saudi Arabia-Daqing, Malaysia-Saudi Arabia, Daqing-UAE, Malaysia-UAE, UAE-Saudi Arabia, The effect of mixing ratio on fluorescence intensity was investigated at four characteristic wavelengths (304 鹵1nmnmt4 鹵2nmnmt4 鹵2nmtl) at four characteristic wavelengths (304 鹵1nmnmnmt4 鹵2nmnmt4 鹵2nmtl) as six groups of mixed oil samples before weathering. The linear correlation between the fluorescence intensity and the mixing ratio was the most significant in Malaysia Saudi Arabia and UAE Iraq, followed by the Saudi Daqing oil mixture. Since the distribution of n-alkanes in the Saudi Daqing and UAE-Iraq blends is the best, it is determined that the weathered oil samples are also Saudi Daqing and UAE-Iraq mixtures. The effects of weathering on the fluorescence characteristics of oil samples with different mixing ratios were investigated by 30 days short-term weathering experiments. Saudi-Daqing oil mixture: 10 days before weathering, the fluorescence intensity of oil samples with different mixing ratios ranged from 20.3- 30.4%, and the fluorescence intensity of mixed oil was less than 13.6% during the weathering 20 days after weathering. The fluorescence characteristics of oil samples with different mixing ratios were not affected by weathering. The comparison of the average value of weathering fluorescence intensity in each 30 days shows that the fluorescence intensity of oil mixed with weathered oil increases with the increase of the components with strong fluorescence characteristics of single oil. This is consistent with the variation of the fluorescence characteristics of the mixed oil with the mixing ratio before weathering. UAE-Iraq oil mixture: the ratio of crude oil to oil is UAE: Iraq 3: 1 / 2: 1: 1: 1. During the whole weathering period, the fluorescence intensity varies in a range of less than 11.3. In the UAE, at 1: 2 and 1:3 in Iraq, the fluorescence intensity varied between 16.8- 22.5% 10 days before weathering. 20 days after weathering, the range of fluorescence intensity of mixed oil was less than 11.3. After weathering, the fluorescence intensity of the mixed oil increases with the increase of the component of the single oil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X55;X834

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前8條

1 張丹丹;海面溢油的熒光光譜鑒別法述評(píng)[J];環(huán)境保護(hù)科學(xué);2000年05期

2 武周虎,趙文謙;海面溢油擴(kuò)展、離散和遷移的組合模型[J];海洋環(huán)境科學(xué);1992年03期

3 徐恒振,周傳光,馬永安,尚龍生,李洪,姚子偉,許乙烈,楊慶霄;溢油指示物(指標(biāo))的HPLC模糊最大矩陣元研究[J];海洋環(huán)境科學(xué);2000年01期

4 羅霞;馬啟敏;張傳松;;短期風(fēng)化作用下輕質(zhì)原油化學(xué)組成的變化[J];海洋環(huán)境科學(xué);2008年02期

5 劉曉星;王藝;曲玲;公健;;海上溢油化學(xué)指紋特性的研究[J];海洋環(huán)境科學(xué);2012年06期

6 B.P.蒂索 ,D.H.韋爾特 ,熊壽生 ,梁定珊 ,錢(qián)志浩 ,陳俊仲 ,徐濂 ,周萱密 ,林宗南;原油的組成、分類及地質(zhì)因素對(duì)原油組成的影響[J];石油地質(zhì)實(shí)驗(yàn);1978年04期

7 王海燕;王琳;張?jiān)獦?biāo);吳省三;;應(yīng)急狀態(tài)下海洋溢油源鑒別的應(yīng)用研究[J];臺(tái)灣海峽;2007年02期

8 韓彬;鄭立;宋轉(zhuǎn)玲;白紅艷;王小如;;七種成品油中多環(huán)芳烴指紋特征與鑒別[J];西安石油大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2012年06期

，

本文編號(hào)：2180250