【摘要】：石油中的Ni、V元素以卟啉螯合物存在,比較穩(wěn)定,在風(fēng)化過程中一般不受其影響,對(duì)海上溢油的識(shí)別有重要的作用。本實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)2種燃料油和9種國內(nèi)外的原油進(jìn)行研究,選擇坩堝-灰化法對(duì)所選用的油樣經(jīng)過預(yù)處理后,用F-AAS法測(cè)定油品中的鎳、釩元素的濃度,計(jì)算鎳釩比值。以鎳釩含量及鎳軌比值作為參數(shù)對(duì)11種單油相似性分析及研究短期風(fēng)化對(duì)單油鎳釩性質(zhì)的影響,同時(shí)根據(jù)相似性結(jié)果確定重質(zhì)燃料油-伊朗、重質(zhì)燃料油-阿曼、輕質(zhì)燃料油-科威特、阿聯(lián)酋-伊拉克4組混油,研究風(fēng)化前后混合油種鎳釩比性質(zhì)的改變。所得結(jié)論如下:(1)由相似性分析可知,單油中海相原油之間的相似系數(shù)都比較高,陸相原油之間的相似程度也比較高。而阿曼雖位于中東,但其原油表現(xiàn)為陸相性質(zhì),與其它中東原油的相似度稍低,和非中東陸相原油相似系數(shù)也很低。此外,大慶、馬來與兩種燃料油相似度高,即這兩種燃料油可能是由這兩種原油制成。(2)在為期一個(gè)月的風(fēng)化過程中,所有單油、燃料油和混合油樣的Ni/V值相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(RSD)均在5%左右,即在整個(gè)風(fēng)化過程中鎳釩比值基本不變,比較穩(wěn)定,抗風(fēng)化能力很強(qiáng),可為海上溢油鑒別提供技術(shù)支持。(3)混油的鎳釩比特性與形成該混合油樣的單油的鎳釩比特性有關(guān),兩種海相原油的混油會(huì)表現(xiàn)出海相原油的特點(diǎn);燃料油和海相原油的混油因混合比例的不同而表現(xiàn)出不同的特性,此外,每種混油的鎳釩比都會(huì)隨鎳釩值較大的那種單油所占比例的增大而增大。(4)以混油的鎳釩含量以及鎳釩比為參數(shù)對(duì)每種混油聚類,結(jié)果表明,某種單油所占比例大的混油因鎳、釩、Ni/V特性相似易聚為一類。在兩期風(fēng)化過程中,每組混合油樣的聚類結(jié)果和未風(fēng)化時(shí)基本相同,即鎳釩比對(duì)混油的鑒別也很有效。
[Abstract]:The nio V element in petroleum exists as porphyrin chelate, which is stable and is not affected by it during weathering, which plays an important role in the identification of oil spills at sea. In this experiment, two kinds of fuel oil and nine kinds of crude oil at home and abroad were studied. After pretreating the selected oil samples by crucible and ashing method, the concentration of nickel and vanadium in oil was determined by F-AAS method, and the ratio of nickel and vanadium was calculated. Using nickel vanadium content and nickel rail ratio as parameters to analyze the similarity of 11 kinds of single oil and to study the effect of short term weathering on the properties of nickel vanadium in single oil, the heavy fuel oil Iran and heavy fuel oil Oman were determined according to the similarity results. Light fuel oil-Kuwait and UAE-Iraq were used to study the change of nickel-vanadium ratio of mixed oil before and after weathering. The conclusions are as follows: (1) from the similarity analysis, the similarity coefficient of marine crude oil in single oil is higher, and the similarity degree of continental crude oil is also relatively high. Oman is located in the Middle East, but its crude oil is continental in nature, and its similarity with other Middle East crude oil is slightly lower, and the similarity coefficient is also very low with non-Middle Eastern continental crude oil. In addition, Daqing and Malay have a high similarity with two kinds of fuel oils, that is, the two kinds of fuel oils may be made from these two kinds of crude oil. (2) during the one-month weathering process, all single oils, The relative standard deviation (RSD) of Ni/V value of fuel oil and mixed oil is about 5%, that is, the ratio of nickel and vanadium is basically unchanged during the whole weathering process, and the ratio is stable, and the weathering resistance is very strong. It can provide technical support for offshore oil spill identification. (3) the ratio of nickel to vanadium of mixed oil is related to the nickel vanadium ratio of single oil to form the mixed oil, and the mixed oil of two kinds of marine crude oil will show the characteristics of marine crude oil; The mixture of fuel oil and marine crude oil shows different characteristics because of the different mixing ratio. The ratio of nickel to vanadium of each mixed oil increases with the increase of the proportion of single oil with higher nickel vanadium value. (4) the nickel vanadium content and the ratio of nickel to vanadium are used as parameters to cluster each mixed oil. The results show that the large proportion of single oil is due to nickel. The properties of V / V Ni / V are similar and easily converged into one class. During the two stages of weathering, the clustering results of each group of mixed oil samples are basically the same as those of unweathered ones, that is, the nickel vanadium ratio is also very effective in the identification of mixed oils.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X55

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