夏末秋初秦皇島海域水動(dòng)力特征及對(duì)風(fēng)的響應(yīng)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-13 14:02
【摘要】：秦皇島海域是連接渤海的主要海灣——遼東灣與渤海灣的關(guān)鍵海域,是遼東灣與渤海中部及渤海灣進(jìn)行物質(zhì)和能量交換的重要通道。了解海域內(nèi)水動(dòng)力過(guò)程的變化規(guī)律和作用機(jī)理,對(duì)物質(zhì)和能量的長(zhǎng)期輸運(yùn)和交換、污染物的擴(kuò)散和分布、海域自凈能力以及海域生態(tài)環(huán)境修復(fù)的深入研究具有重要的意義。本文基于2013年9月在秦皇島海域布放的4套座底式海床基觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)獲取的海流、水位和底層溫度連續(xù)觀測(cè)資料,結(jié)合同期數(shù)值風(fēng)場(chǎng)和海表高分辨率溫度場(chǎng)(SST)等數(shù)據(jù),采用經(jīng)典調(diào)和分析方法對(duì)夏秋季風(fēng)轉(zhuǎn)換期秦皇島海域的潮流和余流特征進(jìn)行了分析,并通過(guò)與遼東灣東側(cè)海域研究結(jié)果的比較,研究遼東灣整體的潮流分布和環(huán)流形態(tài),在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)秦皇島海域水動(dòng)力要素對(duì)局地風(fēng)場(chǎng)的響應(yīng)進(jìn)行探討,最后利用小波分析方法從能量角度研究風(fēng)場(chǎng)對(duì)余流和海浪的能量輸入及能量在垂向上的傳遞方式。潮流特征研究結(jié)果顯示:秦皇島海域的潮流屬于規(guī)則半日潮流,W1—W4站均處于淺水潮流區(qū),淺水分潮顯著。M2分潮流在秦皇島海域占主導(dǎo)作用,O1分潮流次之。M2分潮流基本呈ENE—WSW向往復(fù)流特征,潮流最大流速介于20~29.6cm/s,最大流速分布滿足5 m層以下逐漸減小的趨勢(shì);最大流速方向垂向變化不大;最大流速發(fā)生時(shí)刻隨水深增加而提前。O1分潮流為NE—SW向的旋轉(zhuǎn)流動(dòng),旋轉(zhuǎn)方向?yàn)槟鏁r(shí)針,在10 m水深以下,旋轉(zhuǎn)率隨水深增加而增大;潮流最大流速介于3.6~8.2 cm/s,最大流速垂向分布在靠近海岸的W1和W4站符合隨水深增加而減小,而在靠近外海的W2和W3站則表現(xiàn)為5 m層以下逐漸減小的特征;最大流速發(fā)生時(shí)刻在W1—W3站表現(xiàn)為中層最早,表層次之,底層最遲;而W4站則表現(xiàn)為底層最早,中層次之,表層最遲。余流特征研究結(jié)果顯示:夏秋季風(fēng)轉(zhuǎn)換期秦皇島海域的余流較弱,流速介于0.3~2.5 cm/s之間。余流在表層和中層存在分叉現(xiàn)象,發(fā)生分叉的位置在秦皇島海域中部的W1站和W3站附近,大約為39°40′N,而在底層表現(xiàn)為一致的偏北向流動(dòng)。離岸較近的W1和W4站的余流在中層以下隨水深增加向右偏轉(zhuǎn),具有Ekman螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)特征。與遼東灣東側(cè)海域的海流特征比較結(jié)果表明:秦皇島海域的潮流從表至底均約為遼東灣東側(cè)潮流量值的1/2。秋季遼東灣底層存在一順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)的弱環(huán)流系統(tǒng),余流量值不超過(guò)5 cm/s,僅為遼東灣潮流量值的1/10。海洋對(duì)風(fēng)的響應(yīng)研究結(jié)果表明:秦皇島海域中上層的余流在過(guò)程一中主要表現(xiàn)為對(duì)局地風(fēng)場(chǎng)產(chǎn)生受迫響應(yīng)的特征,而在中下層時(shí)受渤海中部流系的影響更大。秦皇島海域的余流在過(guò)程二中則受東北風(fēng)驅(qū)動(dòng)的渤海中部順時(shí)針環(huán)流的影響而表現(xiàn)為逆風(fēng)的東北向流。水位在風(fēng)速增加緩慢的情況下,對(duì)垂直海岸風(fēng)呈受迫響應(yīng),而在迅速增強(qiáng)且持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的風(fēng)場(chǎng)作用下,受風(fēng)驅(qū)Ekman平流效應(yīng)的影響而發(fā)生水位的增減。過(guò)程一中西南平行海岸風(fēng)引起的離岸Ekman效應(yīng)和離岸風(fēng)的共同影響是導(dǎo)致底層溫度下降的根本原因。過(guò)程二中東北平行海岸風(fēng)增強(qiáng)驅(qū)動(dòng)的向岸Ekman效應(yīng),使得渤海中部整層冷水的向岸補(bǔ)充,從而導(dǎo)致底層溫度的顯著下降。SST很好地指示了9月23日—24日東北風(fēng)持續(xù)作用1 d后,秦皇島海域海面出現(xiàn)的顯著降溫現(xiàn)象,主要表現(xiàn)為在SST圖上出現(xiàn)了一由東北方向伸入觀測(cè)點(diǎn)附近海域的冷水舌。風(fēng)對(duì)海洋的能量輸入研究表明:相較于潮流來(lái)說(shuō),秦皇島海域的風(fēng)場(chǎng)提供了海洋內(nèi)部混合所需的主要能量。海面風(fēng)場(chǎng)在過(guò)程一中通過(guò)10~16 h的近半日周期流動(dòng)和4 d的亞潮頻流動(dòng)向海洋內(nèi)部輸入能量,而在過(guò)程二中主要通過(guò)近慣性運(yùn)動(dòng)向海洋內(nèi)部輸入能量。無(wú)論是在哪個(gè)過(guò)程中,海面風(fēng)場(chǎng)都通過(guò)寬頻段的流動(dòng)從海表向下對(duì)海洋內(nèi)部輸入能量。慣性運(yùn)動(dòng)的能量主要來(lái)源于海面風(fēng)場(chǎng),且秦皇島海域海面風(fēng)場(chǎng)對(duì)慣性運(yùn)動(dòng)的能量輸入存在一定的滯后效應(yīng),一般在大風(fēng)過(guò)后的6~12 h內(nèi)達(dá)到最大。海浪主要受風(fēng)場(chǎng)控制,風(fēng)速增長(zhǎng)越快,海浪能量越大。
[Abstract]:Qinhuangdao sea area is the key sea area connecting Bohai and Bohai Bay, the main Bay of Liaodong Bay and Bohai Bay. It is an important channel for the exchange of material and energy in the Liaodong Bay and central Bohai and the Bohai Bay. The change and mechanism of the hydrodynamic process in the sea area are understood, the long-term transport and exchange of material and energy, the diffusion and separation of pollutants are also known. It is of great significance to study the self purification capacity of the sea area and the restoration of the ecological environment in the sea area. Based on the data obtained from the 4 sets of seabed base observation system in the Qinhuangdao sea area in September 2013, the continuous observation data of the water level and the bottom temperature, combined with the data of the simultaneous numerical wind field and the high resolution temperature field of the sea surface (SST), etc. The classical harmonic analysis method is used to analyze the tidal current and residual current characteristics of Qinhuangdao sea area in summer and autumn monsoon, and by comparing with the results from the east side of Liaodong Bay, the whole tidal current distribution and circulation pattern in Liaodong Bay are studied. On this basis, the response of the hydrodynamic factors in the Qinhuangdao sea area to the local wind field is explored. Finally, using the wavelet analysis method, the energy input and energy transfer mode of the residual current and wave in the wind field are studied from the angle of energy. The results of the flow characteristics study show that the tidal current in the Qinhuangdao sea area belongs to the regular half day tidal current, the W1 W4 station is in the shallow water flow area, and the shallow water tide is marked by the.M2 tidal current in the Qinhuangdao sea area. The dominant role is that the.M2 sub flow of O1 sub flow is basically ENE WSW, the maximum flow velocity is in the 20~29.6cm/s, the maximum flow velocity distribution satisfies the trend of gradually decreasing below 5 m layer, and the vertical direction of the maximum flow velocity varies little, and the maximum velocity occurs with the increase of the depth of water, and the.O1 sub flow is the rotational flow of NE SW direction ahead of time with the depth of the flow. The rotation direction is counter clockwise. Under 10 m water depth, the rotation rate increases with the depth of water; the maximum flow velocity of the flow is between 3.6~8.2 cm/s, the vertical distribution of the maximum flow velocity in the W1 and W4 stations near the coast decreases with the increase of the depth of water, while the W2 and W3 stations near the sea are gradually decreasing below the 5 m layer; the maximum flow rate occurs when the flow rate occurs. At the W1 - W3 station, the middle layer is the earliest, the surface layer is the latest, and the W4 station is the earliest, the middle layer, and the surface is the late surface. The residual current in the summer monsoon transition period shows that the residual current in the Qinhuangdao sea area is weak and the flow velocity is between 0.3~2.5 cm/s. Near the W1 station and W3 station in the middle of the Qinhuangdao sea area, it is about 39 degree 40 'N, while the bottom layer shows a consistent northward flow. The residual current of the nearer W1 and W4 stations along the middle layer increases to the right deviation with the depth of the water, and has the characteristics of the Ekman spiral structure. The comparison with the characteristics of the sea current in the eastern Liaodong Bay shows that the Qinhuangdao sea area The tidal flow from the table to the bottom is about the east side of the east side of the Liaodong Bay in the 1/2. fall, a clockwise rotating weak circulation system at the bottom of the Liaodong Bay. The residual flow value is not more than 5 cm/s. The result of the study on the response of the 1/10. ocean to the wind in the Liaodong Bay shows that the residual current in the middle upper layer of the Qinhuangdao sea area is mainly reflected in the process one. The wind field has the characteristics of forced response, while the middle and lower strata are more affected by the central Bohai flow system. The residual current in the Qinhuangdao sea area is affected by the clockwise circulation of central Bohai in the middle part of the northeast wind, which is the Northeast flow of the counter wind. The water level is forced to respond to the vertical coastal wind under the slow increase of wind speed. The water level increases and decreases under the effect of wind drive Ekman advection effect under the effect of rapidly increasing and longer duration wind field. The common influence of offshore Ekman effect and offshore wind caused by the southwest parallel coastal wind in the first process is the fundamental cause of the lower temperature decline. The bank Ekman effect, supplemented by the whole layer of cold water in the middle of Bohai, leads to a significant decrease in the bottom temperature of.SST, which is a good indication of the significant cooling of the sea surface in the Qinhuangdao sea area after the northeastern wind sustained action of 1 D from September 23rd to 24, which is mainly manifested in a northeastern extension of the sea area near the observation point on the SST map. The study on the energy input of the wind to the ocean shows that the wind field in the Qinhuangdao sea area provides the main energy needed for the internal mixing of the ocean compared to the tidal current. The sea wind field enters the ocean through the near half day periodic flow of 10~16 h and the 4 d tidal current flow in the process one, and in the second of the process the main passage is near. The energy of the inertial motion is inputted into the ocean. In any process, the wind field of the sea is inputted from the sea surface to the ocean through the flow of the wide frequency section. The energy of the inertial motion is mainly derived from the sea wind field, and the energy input of the sea surface wind field in the Qinhuangdao sea area has a certain lag effect on the energy input of the inertial motion. The 6~12 h reached the maximum after the wind. The waves were mainly controlled by the wind field. The faster the wind speed grew, the greater the wave energy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P732;P731.2
[Abstract]:Qinhuangdao sea area is the key sea area connecting Bohai and Bohai Bay, the main Bay of Liaodong Bay and Bohai Bay. It is an important channel for the exchange of material and energy in the Liaodong Bay and central Bohai and the Bohai Bay. The change and mechanism of the hydrodynamic process in the sea area are understood, the long-term transport and exchange of material and energy, the diffusion and separation of pollutants are also known. It is of great significance to study the self purification capacity of the sea area and the restoration of the ecological environment in the sea area. Based on the data obtained from the 4 sets of seabed base observation system in the Qinhuangdao sea area in September 2013, the continuous observation data of the water level and the bottom temperature, combined with the data of the simultaneous numerical wind field and the high resolution temperature field of the sea surface (SST), etc. The classical harmonic analysis method is used to analyze the tidal current and residual current characteristics of Qinhuangdao sea area in summer and autumn monsoon, and by comparing with the results from the east side of Liaodong Bay, the whole tidal current distribution and circulation pattern in Liaodong Bay are studied. On this basis, the response of the hydrodynamic factors in the Qinhuangdao sea area to the local wind field is explored. Finally, using the wavelet analysis method, the energy input and energy transfer mode of the residual current and wave in the wind field are studied from the angle of energy. The results of the flow characteristics study show that the tidal current in the Qinhuangdao sea area belongs to the regular half day tidal current, the W1 W4 station is in the shallow water flow area, and the shallow water tide is marked by the.M2 tidal current in the Qinhuangdao sea area. The dominant role is that the.M2 sub flow of O1 sub flow is basically ENE WSW, the maximum flow velocity is in the 20~29.6cm/s, the maximum flow velocity distribution satisfies the trend of gradually decreasing below 5 m layer, and the vertical direction of the maximum flow velocity varies little, and the maximum velocity occurs with the increase of the depth of water, and the.O1 sub flow is the rotational flow of NE SW direction ahead of time with the depth of the flow. The rotation direction is counter clockwise. Under 10 m water depth, the rotation rate increases with the depth of water; the maximum flow velocity of the flow is between 3.6~8.2 cm/s, the vertical distribution of the maximum flow velocity in the W1 and W4 stations near the coast decreases with the increase of the depth of water, while the W2 and W3 stations near the sea are gradually decreasing below the 5 m layer; the maximum flow rate occurs when the flow rate occurs. At the W1 - W3 station, the middle layer is the earliest, the surface layer is the latest, and the W4 station is the earliest, the middle layer, and the surface is the late surface. The residual current in the summer monsoon transition period shows that the residual current in the Qinhuangdao sea area is weak and the flow velocity is between 0.3~2.5 cm/s. Near the W1 station and W3 station in the middle of the Qinhuangdao sea area, it is about 39 degree 40 'N, while the bottom layer shows a consistent northward flow. The residual current of the nearer W1 and W4 stations along the middle layer increases to the right deviation with the depth of the water, and has the characteristics of the Ekman spiral structure. The comparison with the characteristics of the sea current in the eastern Liaodong Bay shows that the Qinhuangdao sea area The tidal flow from the table to the bottom is about the east side of the east side of the Liaodong Bay in the 1/2. fall, a clockwise rotating weak circulation system at the bottom of the Liaodong Bay. The residual flow value is not more than 5 cm/s. The result of the study on the response of the 1/10. ocean to the wind in the Liaodong Bay shows that the residual current in the middle upper layer of the Qinhuangdao sea area is mainly reflected in the process one. The wind field has the characteristics of forced response, while the middle and lower strata are more affected by the central Bohai flow system. The residual current in the Qinhuangdao sea area is affected by the clockwise circulation of central Bohai in the middle part of the northeast wind, which is the Northeast flow of the counter wind. The water level is forced to respond to the vertical coastal wind under the slow increase of wind speed. The water level increases and decreases under the effect of wind drive Ekman advection effect under the effect of rapidly increasing and longer duration wind field. The common influence of offshore Ekman effect and offshore wind caused by the southwest parallel coastal wind in the first process is the fundamental cause of the lower temperature decline. The bank Ekman effect, supplemented by the whole layer of cold water in the middle of Bohai, leads to a significant decrease in the bottom temperature of.SST, which is a good indication of the significant cooling of the sea surface in the Qinhuangdao sea area after the northeastern wind sustained action of 1 D from September 23rd to 24, which is mainly manifested in a northeastern extension of the sea area near the observation point on the SST map. The study on the energy input of the wind to the ocean shows that the wind field in the Qinhuangdao sea area provides the main energy needed for the internal mixing of the ocean compared to the tidal current. The sea wind field enters the ocean through the near half day periodic flow of 10~16 h and the 4 d tidal current flow in the process one, and in the second of the process the main passage is near. The energy of the inertial motion is inputted into the ocean. In any process, the wind field of the sea is inputted from the sea surface to the ocean through the flow of the wide frequency section. The energy of the inertial motion is mainly derived from the sea wind field, and the energy input of the sea surface wind field in the Qinhuangdao sea area has a certain lag effect on the energy input of the inertial motion. The 6~12 h reached the maximum after the wind. The waves were mainly controlled by the wind field. The faster the wind speed grew, the greater the wave energy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P732;P731.2
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