本文選題：雷達(dá)高度計(jì) + 降雨和白沫�。� 參考：《華中科技大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：臺(tái)風(fēng)颶風(fēng)暴雨等極端大氣和海面狀況(或高海況)導(dǎo)致海面波浪破碎,從而在海表面上產(chǎn)生大量白帽和泡沫(統(tǒng)稱白沫)。在通常海況下,雷達(dá)高度計(jì)會(huì)接收到比較有規(guī)則的海面回波波形,依據(jù)海洋模型(Brown模型)都能比較精確的反演出海面參數(shù),能滿足工程實(shí)踐需求。然而,當(dāng)高海況時(shí),由于白沫和降雨對(duì)微波信號(hào)衰減和散射作用,致使高度計(jì)接收到的微波信號(hào)十分微弱,甚至失鎖,這大大影響高度計(jì)海面參數(shù)的反演及其精度。本論文主要研究了高海況下白沫和降雨對(duì)高度計(jì)海洋參數(shù)反演的影響。首先分析了衛(wèi)星雷達(dá)高度計(jì)海面參數(shù)測(cè)量模型和基本原理。其次,詳細(xì)分析和研究了降雨對(duì)高度計(jì)參數(shù)反演影響。主要研究了降雨對(duì)微波衰減作用,Mie散射理論,輻射計(jì)測(cè)量降雨量、液態(tài)水原理,在此基礎(chǔ)上討論了降雨對(duì)高度計(jì)后向散射系數(shù)反演的影響,從而分析了白沫對(duì)海面風(fēng)速反演的影響。隨后,詳細(xì)研究了白沫對(duì)高度計(jì)參數(shù)反演的影響:(1)基于大氣-白沫-海水三層介質(zhì)模型,運(yùn)用電磁場(chǎng)理論計(jì)算和分析了該模型的電磁波入射反射特征,從而得到白沫對(duì)海面反射率的影響特性,以及白沫對(duì)海面后向散射系數(shù)的影響規(guī)律和誤差校正值。(2)在此基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)白沫覆蓋率與風(fēng)速的經(jīng)驗(yàn)關(guān)系、風(fēng)速與后向散射系數(shù)的關(guān)系,討論了白沫對(duì)高度計(jì)海面風(fēng)速反演的影響。(3)白沫對(duì)有效波高的反演影響分析是從高度回波波形出發(fā),討論了白沫對(duì)海面高度概率密度函數(shù)的影響、回波波形的影響,通過(guò)最小二乘法擬合反演出有效波高,得到白沫對(duì)有效波高反演的影響特性及其誤差校正值。最后,采用海洋二號(hào)衛(wèi)星測(cè)得的數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)一定的算法分別對(duì)存在降雨和白沫時(shí)測(cè)量的后向散射系數(shù)及風(fēng)速進(jìn)行校正。本論文研究結(jié)果在高度計(jì)高海況參數(shù)反演與校正工作中具有較好的參考價(jià)值和應(yīng)用意義。
[Abstract]:Extreme atmospheric and sea surface conditions such as typhoons, hurricanes and torrential rains (or high sea conditions) cause waves to break, resulting in a large amount of white caps and foams (collectively called foams) on the sea surface. Under normal sea conditions, radar altimeters receive regular sea surface echo waveforms. According to the ocean model (Brown model), the sea surface parameters can be accurately inverse, and can meet the engineering needs. However, when the sea is high, the microwave signal received by altimeter is very weak or even unlocked due to the attenuation and scattering of microwave signal by foam and rainfall, which greatly affects the inversion and accuracy of sea surface parameters of altimeter. In this paper, the effects of foam and rainfall on the inversion of altimeter ocean parameters are studied. Firstly, the sea surface parameter measurement model and basic principle of satellite radar altimeter are analyzed. Secondly, the influence of rainfall on altimeter parameter inversion is analyzed and studied in detail. The Mie scattering theory of rainfall on microwave attenuation, the measurement of rainfall by radiometer and the principle of liquid water are studied. Based on this, the influence of rainfall on the inversion of backscattering coefficient of altimeter is discussed. The effect of foaming on the retrieval of sea surface wind speed is analyzed. Then, the effects of foaming on the inversion of altimeter parameters are studied in detail. (1) based on the three-layer model of atmosphere, foaming and seawater, the electromagnetic wave reflection characteristics of the model are calculated and analyzed by using electromagnetic field theory. The influence characteristics of foaming on sea surface reflectivity, the influence law and error correction value of foam backscattering coefficient on sea surface are obtained. (2) based on the empirical relationship between foam coverage and wind speed, The relationship between wind speed and backscattering coefficient is discussed. The influence of foaming on the inversion of sea surface wind speed of altimeter is discussed. (3) the effect of foaming on the inversion of effective wave height is analyzed from the angle of height echo waveform, and the influence of foaming on the probability density function of sea surface height is discussed. The effect of echo waveform on the inversion of effective wave height is simulated by least square method, and the effect of foaming on the inversion of effective wave height and its error correction value are obtained. Finally, the backscattering coefficient and wind speed measured in the presence of precipitation and foaming are corrected by using the data obtained from the Ocean 2 satellite. The results of this paper have good reference value and application significance in the inversion and correction of altimeter sea condition parameters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P714

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