本文選題：波浪能發(fā)電 + 海浪參數(shù)識(shí)別　； 參考：《武漢科技大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：在當(dāng)前世界能源危機(jī)的背景下,對(duì)海洋能有效地開(kāi)發(fā)和利用成為焦點(diǎn)。雖然各類波浪能利用裝置層出不窮,但是大多數(shù)都存在轉(zhuǎn)換效率低下的問(wèn)題。本文基于可控共振式波浪能發(fā)電技術(shù)的項(xiàng)目平臺(tái),分別從波浪的頻率和波高兩個(gè)角度,應(yīng)用了主動(dòng)共振和最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤的控制策略,在一定程度上提高了波浪能發(fā)電裝置的轉(zhuǎn)換效率。主要工作如下:首先,介紹了課題的研究背景和意義,闡述了國(guó)內(nèi)外波浪能利用研究技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀,并提出了本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容。其次,介紹了波浪能的一些基本理論,以及主動(dòng)共振波浪能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的物理結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理,并分析出實(shí)時(shí)獲取海浪的特征參數(shù)是提高發(fā)電效率的關(guān)鍵。再次,根據(jù)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的對(duì)于實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)海浪特征參數(shù)的需求,基于STM32微控制器和MEMS傳感器,設(shè)計(jì)一套低成本的海浪浮標(biāo)系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)海浪的特征,應(yīng)用互補(bǔ)濾波、四元數(shù)、短時(shí)傅里葉算法計(jì)算出海浪的頻率、波高和方向等特征參數(shù),并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了浮標(biāo)方案的可行性。最后,根據(jù)發(fā)電裝置的特點(diǎn),應(yīng)用了主動(dòng)共振和最大功率點(diǎn)的控制策略,并設(shè)計(jì)一套基于STM32F4微控制器的硬件電路方案。基于共振能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)最大能量俘獲的思想,利用變剛器可以調(diào)整擺錘固有頻率的特性,設(shè)計(jì)了基于PID控制器的閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了共振控制。受到光伏發(fā)電以及風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)啟發(fā),采用了基于梯度下降算法的最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤的控制策略,使得發(fā)電系統(tǒng)在波高變化的情況下工作在最大功率點(diǎn)。兩種控制策略的應(yīng)用在一定程度上提高了波浪能發(fā)電裝置的轉(zhuǎn)換效率。
[Abstract]:In the context of the current world energy crisis, the effective development and utilization of the ocean has become the focus. Although all kinds of wave energy use devices emerge in endlessly, most of them have the problem of low conversion efficiency. This paper is based on the two angles of the wave frequency and wave height, based on the project platform of the controllable resonant wave energy generation technology. The control strategy of active resonance and maximum power point tracking is applied to improve the conversion efficiency of the wave energy generating unit to a certain extent. The main work is as follows: first, the background and significance of the research are introduced, the current situation of the research technology of wave energy utilization at home and abroad is expounded, and the content of this paper is put forward. Secondly, the wave of wave energy is introduced. Some basic theories of wave energy, as well as the physical structure and working principle of active resonance wave energy generation system, and the analysis of the real time acquisition of the characteristic parameters of the waves are the key to improve the efficiency of the power generation. Thirdly, based on the demand of the power system for real-time monitoring of the characteristic parameters of the wave, a STM32 micro controller and a MEMS sensor are designed. A low cost sea wave buoy system is set up. According to the characteristics of the sea waves, the frequency, wave height and direction of the waves are calculated by the complementary filtering, four elements and short time Fu Liye algorithm, and the feasibility of the buoy scheme is verified by experiments. Finally, the control strategy of active resonance and maximum power point is applied according to the special point of the power generation device. A set of hardware circuit scheme based on STM32F4 micro controller is designed. Based on the idea that resonance can achieve maximum energy capture, a closed-loop control system based on PID controller is designed to realize the resonance control by using a variable stiffness device to adjust the natural frequency of the pendulum. The maximum power point tracking control strategy based on the gradient descent algorithm makes the power system work at the maximum power point in the case of wave height change. The application of the two control strategies improves the conversion efficiency of the wave energy generating unit to a certain extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P743;TP273

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