本文選題：東海島 + 湛江灣�。� 參考：《國家海洋局第一海洋研究所》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：東海島位于廣東省南部,是湛江市經(jīng)濟技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū)的重要組成部分,是進出湛江港的門戶,戰(zhàn)略地位十分重要。做好東海島岸線防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作,保護天然沙灘資源,對于打造國家級循環(huán)經(jīng)濟試驗區(qū)具有重要意義。同時,通過岸灘的地貌響應(yīng),分析湛江灣口門海洋動力情況及泥沙的輸運特征,為研究湛江港深水航道的沖淤變化趨勢提供科學(xué)支撐。本文依托海洋公益性行業(yè)科研專項“我國典型海島地質(zhì)災(zāi)害監(jiān)測及預(yù)警示范研究”項目,通過實地調(diào)查、高分辨率衛(wèi)星影像解譯,對東海島總體岸線侵蝕情況進行了分析。其中崩塘段砂質(zhì)岸線侵蝕變化特征明顯,加之緊鄰湛江灣口門處,研究意義重大,對該處岸段進行重點監(jiān)測與研究。通過高精度遙感衛(wèi)片、無人機低空遙感監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)、三維激光掃描數(shù)據(jù)、海灘剖面監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)、沉積物粒度數(shù)據(jù)的處理與分析,結(jié)合前人研究成果,得出以下結(jié)論:(1)東海島砂質(zhì)岸線主要分布于海島的西南側(cè)、東南側(cè)、崩塘三處。其中西南側(cè)砂質(zhì)岸線前期強烈侵蝕,之后進行了護岸工程建設(shè),岸線趨于穩(wěn)定;東南側(cè)一直處于淤積狀態(tài),淤積速率最高達8.3m/yr;崩塘砂質(zhì)岸線先淤積后輕微侵蝕,侵蝕速率為0.38m/yr。(2)崩塘段岸線在一年半的時間內(nèi)發(fā)生較明顯變化,整段岸線后退前移均有,以后退為主;燈塔附近200m岸線后退最為明顯,平均后退距離約10m左右,最大后退距離達到17m。(3)崩塘段海灘整體以淤積為主,部分處于下蝕狀態(tài)。其中最南側(cè)海灘受蝦池排污通道的影響,常年處于下蝕狀態(tài);燈塔附近灘面受燈塔影響明顯,灘面最窄,且短時間內(nèi)灘面發(fā)生過大幅度侵淤變化。(4)沉積物粒度變化與灘面沖淤特征較為一致。由于該處岸線系風(fēng)成沙丘后退形成,沙丘砂較海底供砂細(xì),海灘下蝕,沉積物變細(xì);海灘淤積,沉積物變粗。(5)結(jié)合岸線與灘面變化特征,根據(jù)前人海灘災(zāi)害災(zāi)變強度分級方案,對海灘進行合理評價。該區(qū)大部分岸線處于穩(wěn)定或輕微淤積狀態(tài),僅最南側(cè)和燈塔附近岸線處于強侵蝕狀態(tài)。(6)崩塘段海岸變化由多種因素造成的,總體受自然因素控制,人為因素對局部海岸的侵蝕影響明顯。其中,海平面上升是長時間尺度因素,短時間內(nèi)影響較小;風(fēng)暴潮侵蝕能力強,短時間內(nèi)可造成岸線大幅后退,是岸線侵蝕的主要自然因素;波浪、潮流是海底供砂的主要動力,是海灘砂的重要補給;人為因素對海灘的影響明顯,蝦池排污即可直接沖蝕灘面,又可阻斷沿岸流供砂,對海灘的破壞作用最為嚴(yán)重;人工構(gòu)筑物通過改變周圍流場,引起海灘的沖淤變化;湛江灣內(nèi)圍填�；顒咏档驼拷瓰车募{潮量,影響泥沙向外輸出。
[Abstract]:East Island is located in the south of Guangdong Province. It is an important part of Zhanjiang Economic and technological Development Zone and a gateway to Zhanjiang Port. The strategic position is very important. It is of great significance to do a good job of disaster prevention and mitigation along the coast of the East Island and to protect the natural beach resources for the establishment of a national experimental area of circular economy. At the same time, the characteristics of marine dynamics and sediment transport at the mouth of Zhanjiang Bay are analyzed through the landform response of the shoreline, which provides scientific support for the study of the trend of erosion and siltation in the deep-water channel of Zhanjiang Port. Based on the scientific research project of "Monitoring and early warning of Geological hazards in typical Islands of China", this paper analyzes the overall shoreline erosion of the East Sea Island through field investigation and interpretation of high resolution satellite images. The characteristics of erosion of sandy shoreline in bendang section are obvious, in addition, it is of great significance to study adjacent to the mouth of Zhanjiang Bay, so it is important to monitor and study the shoreline. Through the processing and analysis of high precision remote sensing satellite, UAV low altitude remote sensing monitoring data, 3D laser scanning data, beach profile monitoring data and sediment granularity data, combined with previous research results, The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the sandy shoreline of Donghai Island is mainly located in the southwest side, southeast side and collapse pond of the island. The southwest side of sandy shoreline was strongly eroded in the early stage, and then a revetment project was carried out. The shoreline tended to stabilize; the southeastern side was in a silting state, and the deposition rate was up to 8.3 m / yr; the sandy shoreline of the caving pond was silted first and then slightly eroded. The erosion rate is 0.38 m / yr. (2) the shoreline of the cauldron section changes obviously in one and a half years, and the receding front of the whole section is mainly backward, and the receding distance of 200 m shoreline near the lighthouse is the most obvious, and the average receding distance is about 10 m. The maximum receding distance is up to 17m. (3) the beach in the caving section is mainly silted and partly in the state of downward erosion. The southernmost beach is affected by the shrimp pond sewerage and is in the state of annual erosion. The beach surface near the lighthouse is obviously affected by the lighthouse, and the beach surface is the narrowest. The sediment size change is consistent with the erosion and deposition characteristics of the beach surface in a short period of time. (4) the grain size change of the sediment is consistent with the erosion and deposition characteristics of the beach surface in a short period of time. Because of the receding formation of wind-formed dunes along the shoreline system, sand dunes are thinner than those of the bottom of the sea, the beach is eroded, the sediments become thinner, the beach silts up, and the sediments become thicker. (5) combining the characteristics of shoreline and beach surface variation, according to the previous classification scheme of beach disaster intensity, Make a reasonable evaluation of the beach. Most of the shorelines in this area are stable or slightly deposited, and only the southernmost coast lines and near lighthouses are strongly eroded. (6) the coastal changes in the caving section are caused by many factors and are generally controlled by natural factors. The effect of human factors on local coastal erosion is obvious. Among them, sea level rise is a long time scale factor with little influence in a short time; storm surge has strong erosive ability and can cause shore line to recede in a short period of time, which is the main natural factor of shoreline erosion; wave, The tidal current is the main power of sand supply and the important recharge of beach sand, the influence of human factors on beach is obvious, the shrimp pond sewage can directly erode the beach surface, but also can block the coastal flow to supply sand, the damage to the beach is the most serious. Artificial structures change the surrounding flow field and cause erosion and siltation of the beaches, while the reclamations in Zhanjiang Bay reduce the tidal capacity of Zhanjiang Bay and affect the outward output of sediment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國家海洋局第一海洋研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P748

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