本文選題：芘 + 多環(huán)芳烴��； 參考：《齊魯工業(yè)大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：多環(huán)芳烴(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)是一類典型的持久性有機污染物,其主要產(chǎn)生來源為人類的生產(chǎn)活動。其較長的半衰期導致易在環(huán)境中累積而引起嚴重的環(huán)境問題。在海洋沉積物中,微生物是環(huán)境自我凈化多環(huán)芳烴污染的主力。渤海是我國北方半封閉海,快速發(fā)展的環(huán)渤海經(jīng)濟區(qū)對其生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生了顯著影響。目前為止,關于渤海污染及生態(tài)現(xiàn)狀的研究多集中在污染物種類及分布上,但關于渤海海域微生物群落結構特征及其對多環(huán)芳烴污染脅迫的響應的研究尚不足。本文擬選取渤海灣及萊州灣口這一渤海海域受人類活動影響最為顯著的區(qū)域為研究對象,利用高通量測序(Illumina Hiseq PE250)及分析技術,以16s為標記基因,探索目標海域表層沉積物中的微生物群落結構;進一步以該海域表層沉積物中細菌群落為富集培養(yǎng)對象,在實驗室條件下添加高濃度芘進行脅迫。再次利用高通量測序(Illumina Hiseq PE250)及分析技術,以16s為標記基因探索在實驗室模擬條件下渤海海域表層沉積物中細菌群落結構對芘脅迫的響應。結果表明:1.廣泛存在于目標海域22個研究站位沉積物中的主要細菌類群包括:變形菌門(Proteobacteria)、酸桿菌門(Acidobacteria)、綠彎菌門(Chloroflexi)和擬桿菌門(Bacteroidetes)。變形菌門中主要包括γ-變形桿菌綱、δ-變形菌綱、α-變形菌綱,并且γ-變形桿菌綱是優(yōu)勢菌群。在科水平上含量較多的菌群主要是變形菌門的沍立克次體科(Piscirickettsiaceae),與魚類疾病有關;變形菌門的脫硫桿菌科(Desulfobacteraceae)和紅桿菌科(Rhodobacteraceae),與硫循環(huán)和碳循環(huán)有關。2.目標海域原位環(huán)境中微生物的群落結構受粒徑、深度、溫度、有機碳及NO2-、NO3-的影響較大。黃河、灤河入�？谔�,外來沉積物的輸入致使入�？谔幱袡C質含量增高;河水的徑流作用使近岸沉積物粒徑減小,從而影響不同站位微生物群落結構。3.室內(nèi)受控模擬實驗結果表明,芘脅迫后細菌群落結構發(fā)生了比較明顯的變化。豐富度較高的菌群主要有:變形菌門(Proteobacteria,86.19%)、擬桿菌門(Bacteroidetes,10.00%)、酸桿菌門(Acidobacteria)、綠彎菌門(Chloroflexi)和浮霉菌門(Planctomycetes)。馴化過程中數(shù)量不斷增加的細菌主要有浮霉狀菌屬、黃桿菌屬和芽孢桿菌屬;數(shù)量減少的細菌是脫硫桿菌屬;菌數(shù)先增加后減少的主要有弧菌屬、假海源桿菌屬、海桿菌屬和假交替單胞菌屬。除脫硫桿菌屬外,其余均有降解多環(huán)芳烴的功能。
[Abstract]:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a typical class of persistent organic pollutants (pops), which are mainly produced by human production activities. Its long half-life can easily accumulate in the environment and cause serious environmental problems. In marine sediments, microbes are the main source of environmental self-purification polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution. The Bohai Sea is a semi-enclosed sea in the north of China. The rapid development of the Bohai Sea Economic Zone has a significant impact on its ecosystem. Up to now, the study on the pollution and ecological status of Bohai Sea is mainly focused on the species and distribution of pollutants, but the study on the structure of microbial community and its response to PAHs pollution stress in Bohai Sea is still insufficient. In this paper, we choose Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay estuary, which is the most affected area of Bohai Sea, as the research object, and use high-throughput sequencing (Illumina Hiseq PE250) and analysis technique to use 16s as marker gene. The microbial community structure in the surface sediment of the target sea area was explored, and the bacterial community in the surface sediment of the target sea area was taken as the enrichment culture object under the stress of adding high concentration of pyrene under laboratory conditions. Using high-throughput sequencing technique, Illumina Hiseq PE250) and analysis technique, 16s marker gene was used to explore the response of bacterial community structure to pyrene stress in the surface sediments of Bohai Sea under laboratory simulation. The result shows that 1: 1. The main bacteria groups in the sediments of 22 research stations in the target sea area include Proteobacteriae, acidobacteria, Chloroflexium and Bacteroidetes.These include Proteobacteriae, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexia and Bacteroidetes. The phylum of Proteus mainly includes 緯 -Proteus, 未 -Proteus, 偽 -Proteus, and 緯 -Proteus is the dominant group. At the level of family, the most abundant bacteria were Piscirickettsiaceaeae of Proteus, related to fish disease, Desulfobacteraceaeae of Proteus and Rhodobacteraceaeae of Rhodobacteraceaeae, which were related to sulfur cycle and carbon cycle. The community structure of microorganisms in the target sea area in situ was influenced by particle size, depth, temperature, organic carbon and no _ 2-no _ 3-. At the mouth of the Yellow River and Luanhe River, the content of organic matter in the estuary was increased by the input of foreign sediment, and the grain size of the sediment was reduced by the runoff of the river, which affected the microbial community structure of different stations. The results of laboratory controlled simulation showed that the community structure of bacteria changed obviously after pyrene stress. The most abundant bacteria were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes10.00, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexium and Planctomycetes. During the process of acclimation, the main bacteria increasing in number are the genus floatation, the genus Flavobacterium and the genus Bacillus; the decreasing number of bacteria is the genus Desulfurbacteria; the main bacteria that increase first and then decrease are the genus Vibrio, the genus Pseudomonas, Haemobacterium and Pseudomonas. Except Desulfurization bacilli, the other have the function of degrading PAHs.
【學位授予單位】：齊魯工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X55

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