發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-12 07:41

  本文選題：渤海灣 + 海底表層沉積物��； 參考：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文依托中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局地質(zhì)調(diào)查項(xiàng)目“近海區(qū)域地球化學(xué)調(diào)查技術(shù)研究”完成。根據(jù)對(duì)采集的100個(gè)表層沉積物樣品所做的元素地球化學(xué)分析,在前人的研究基礎(chǔ)上,分析了渤海灣表層沉積物的地球化學(xué)特征,解釋了沉積物中常量元素和微量元素的變化規(guī)律,論述了元素的分布特征、稀土元素的物源指示意義以及元素之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系與組合特征,在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)海洋沉積物的重金屬污染評(píng)價(jià)方法,初步了解渤海灣底質(zhì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量狀況。通過(guò)對(duì)渤海灣表層沉積物地球化學(xué)的全面研究,獲得了以下幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)識(shí)和結(jié)論： (1)常量組分SiO2、A12O3、MgO、CaO、TFe2O3、Na2O、K20等含量從近岸向遠(yuǎn)岸表現(xiàn)出不同的變化趨勢(shì)。SiO2、Al2O3含量呈現(xiàn)降低趨勢(shì),主要受陸源碎屑補(bǔ)給減弱影響,而MgO、CaO的含量則略微上升,是海洋生物補(bǔ)給的結(jié)果,TFe2O3、Na2O、K20的含量變化不明顯。大多數(shù)微量元素隨著離岸距離的增加并沒(méi)有明顯的變化規(guī)律。而Zr、Hf、Hg、Pb等元素受陸源補(bǔ)給的影響,含量出現(xiàn)降低的趨勢(shì),As、Br、 Cl、Cd、Co、Cr、Cs、Cu、Ga、Mn、Mo、Ni、Sb、Sn, Zn、V、W等元素的含量在油氣藏的影響下出現(xiàn)上升的趨勢(shì)。 在元素性質(zhì)和物質(zhì)來(lái)源的影響下,表層沉積物中的元素呈現(xiàn)幾種典型的分布情況：Al、Fe、K分布情況相似,高值區(qū)主要分布在北部和東部,Ca與Na相反,Na2O的高值區(qū)主要分布在研究區(qū)的中部和北部；Rb、Co、Ga、Cs、Ni、V分布相似,主要富集在東北區(qū)域；Hf、I、Zr、Sr分布相似,主要富集在西北區(qū)域,與Na相似；Mn、 Mo、Sb的分布相似,主要富集在西南區(qū)域。 (2)根據(jù)元素的因子分析和聚類(lèi)分析的結(jié)果,結(jié)合元素異常分布特征,將元素分為4個(gè)組合,第一組：As、Sb、Mn、Mo、Pb、I、Cl、Br;第二組：Sr、CaO、TC;第三組：Zr、Hf;第四組：Co、Ni、Cs、Cu、Ga、Cr、V、Rb、Zn。每個(gè)組合都有特定的元素來(lái)源和分布意義。 (3)通過(guò)海洋沉積物質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB-18668-2002)、地累積指數(shù)、潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)三種方法對(duì)渤海灣表層沉積物中重金屬進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),研究發(fā)現(xiàn),目前渤海灣表層沉積物中重金屬含量均屬于安全范圍內(nèi),沉積物比較清潔,生態(tài)危害較輕,但Pb、Cd、Hg由于其潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)較大,需要引起重視。
[Abstract]:This paper is based on the geological survey project of China Geological Survey. Based on the elemental geochemical analysis of 100 surface sediment samples collected, the geochemical characteristics of surface sediments in Bohai Bay are analyzed on the basis of previous studies. The variation law of constant elements and trace elements in sediment is explained, and the distribution characteristics of elements, the signifying significance of the source of rare earth elements, and the correlation and combination characteristics among elements are discussed. Through the method of heavy metal pollution assessment in marine sediments, the environmental quality of bottom sediments in Bohai Bay was preliminarily understood. Based on a comprehensive study of the geochemistry of surface sediments in Bohai Bay, the following conclusions have been obtained: (1) the contents of the constant component SiO2OA12O3, MgO, Cao, TFe2O3, Na2OK20, etc., show a different trend of change from the near shore to the far shore. The content of SiO2Al2O3 shows a decreasing trend, and the content of SiO2Al2O3 shows a decreasing trend from the near shore to the far shore. It is mainly affected by terrestrial clastic recharge, while the content of MgO- CaO increases slightly, which is the result of marine recharge. The content of TFE _ 2O _ 3N _ (Na _ 2O) K _ (20) does not change obviously. Most trace elements do not change with the increase of offshore distance. However, under the influence of terrestrial recharge, the contents of elements such as Zr, HfG, Pb and so on have a decreasing trend. The contents of elements such as As-Brr, Cl-CdCa-CoCr-Cr-CsPU, NiSbSnC, ZnV, W, and so on, are rising under the influence of oil and gas reservoirs, and under the influence of elemental properties and material sources, the contents of these elements have a tendency to increase. The distribution of elements in surface sediments is similar in several typical distributions. The high value areas are mainly distributed in the northern and eastern regions of the north and east of China. The high value areas of Ca and Na are mainly distributed in the central and northern parts of the study area. It is mainly enriched in the northeast of China, and is mainly enriched in the northwest region, similar to the distribution of Na, mn and Mo-Sb, and mainly concentrated in the southwest region. 2) according to the results of factor analysis and cluster analysis of elements, the anomalous distribution of elements is considered. The elements were divided into four combinations. The first group was composed of two groups: the first group was divided into four groups: the first group was composed of two groups, the second group was the first group, the other group was the second group. The second group was the second group; the third group was the second group. Each combination has a specific element source and distribution significance. (3) through three methods of marine sediment quality standard (GB-18668-2002), ground accumulation index and potential ecological hazard index, the heavy metals in the surface sediments of Bohai Bay were evaluated. The contents of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Bohai Bay are all within the safe range at present. The sediments are relatively clean and the ecological harm is relatively light. However, due to its large potential ecological hazard index, PBN CDH Hg needs to be paid more attention to.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P736.4

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