本文選題：浮游細(xì)菌 + pufM�。� 參考：《集美大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：浮游細(xì)菌在海洋初級生產(chǎn)力中占有重要地位，并且參與生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)和能量流動過程。特定的功能基因在海洋微生物生態(tài)學(xué)中作為主要的標(biāo)記基因可以用來分析特定類群的多樣性。本研究對南極近岸兩個相鄰海灣——長城灣、阿德雷灣表層海水浮游細(xì)菌中的pufM，dmdA，dddP，GTAs(g5)等基因構(gòu)建了克隆文庫，分析了各基因的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系以及多樣性。其中pufM編碼好氧不產(chǎn)氧光合細(xì)菌的光反應(yīng)中心亞基，dmdA和dddP編碼參與DMSP（藻類的滲透調(diào)節(jié)物——二甲基硫丙酸內(nèi)鹽）代謝的相關(guān)酶，GTAs是一類廣泛存在于紅細(xì)菌類群中的來源于前噬菌體的基因簇。同時，本研究對比分析了南極樣品與北極王灣海水樣品中pufM和g5基因多樣性的異同。結(jié)果表明： 1）南極近岸海域中的pufM基因主要來自α-變形菌中的紅細(xì)菌目，少部分pufM基因來自β-變形菌或γ-變形菌的個別類群。整體上pufM基因的多樣性較高，該基因在長城灣的多樣性稍高于阿德雷灣。 2）南極近岸表層海水中的dmdA基因主要來自紅細(xì)菌目的玫瑰桿菌支系，dddP基因的來源則包括α-變形菌的紅細(xì)菌目和鞘脂單胞菌目、以及γ-變形菌的嗜冷桿菌（假單胞菌目），兩種基因的多樣性指數(shù)都較低，可能是由于所用引物對這些類群具有一定的偏好性。兩個海灣中的dmdA基因多樣性接近，，而長城灣dddP基因的多樣性遠(yuǎn)高于阿德雷灣。 3）南極近岸表層海水的GTAs(g5)基因主要來自紅細(xì)菌目，該基因在兩個海灣的多樣性指數(shù)接近且都很高。 4）南極近岸海域與北極王灣pufM和GTAs(g5)基因的對比研究表明，南極樣品中的基因多樣性稍高于王灣灣口（st1站），遠(yuǎn)高于王灣灣內(nèi)（st5站）的多樣性。這反映了環(huán)境及水文條件對兩極海洋浮游細(xì)菌群落的影響，pufM多樣性與硅酸鹽和磷酸鹽呈明顯的正相關(guān)。 5）北極王灣樣品中的pufM基因全部來自α-變形菌中的紅細(xì)菌科，并且以硫桿菌屬為主。根據(jù)南、北極的pufM多樣性結(jié)果，我們推測所用的引物對特定類群可能具有較大的偏好性，還有較多的需氧不產(chǎn)氧光合細(xì)菌未被覆蓋到。王灣樣品中的g5基因全部來自紅細(xì)菌目，這兩種基因的多樣性指數(shù)都是灣外高于灣內(nèi)。 南極近岸海域的特定生態(tài)功能基因，如光合基因、硫代謝相關(guān)基因、基因水平轉(zhuǎn)移因子等多樣性較高，說明以玫瑰桿菌支系為主的紅細(xì)菌類群對極地海洋環(huán)境具有較強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)能力。鑒于論文工作時間有限，本研究未能對相關(guān)基因在不同環(huán)境條件下（如溫度，鹽度，有機(jī)營養(yǎng)等）的表達(dá)水平進(jìn)行研究。后續(xù)研究可以考慮采用熒光定量PCR及轉(zhuǎn)錄組學(xué)等方法對這些細(xì)菌的代謝表達(dá)情況進(jìn)行檢測，從而進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識這些細(xì)菌及其生態(tài)功能基因在南極低溫海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的地位及作用。
[Abstract]:Planktonic bacteria play an important role in marine primary productivity and participate in biogeochemical cycle and energy flow. Specific functional genes can be used to analyze the diversity of specific groups as major marker genes in marine microbial ecology. In this study, a clone library was constructed for the genes of pufMmdAdddAdddPG5 from the surface water planktonic bacteria of the two adjacent coasts of the Antarctic coast-the Great Wall Bay and Adre Bay. The phylogenetic relationships and diversity of the genes were analyzed. Among them, pufM encodes the photo-reactive center subunit DMDA of aerobic non-oxygen-producing photosynthetic bacteria and dddP encodes the enzymes involved in the metabolism of DMSP (dimethyl sulphopropionate) metabolism, which is a class of widely existing Yu Hong bacteria. It is derived from the gene cluster of prophage. At the same time, the diversity of pufM and g5 genes in Antarctic samples and Arctic Bay seawater samples were compared and analyzed. The results show that: 1) the pufM gene in the Antarctic coastal waters was mainly from the order Rhodobacterium in 偽 -Proteus, and a few of the pufM genes came from the individual groups of 尾 -Proteus or 緯 -Proteus. The diversity of pufM gene was higher in the Great Wall Bay than in Adre Bay. 2) the dmdA gene in the surface waters of Antarctic coast mainly comes from the Rhizobium rugosa branch of RhoddP, which includes the order 偽 -Proteus red bacteria and the sphingomonas. The diversity index of the two genes were both low in P. pseudomonas and 緯 -Proteus, which may be due to the preference of the primers to these groups. The diversity of dmdA gene was similar in the two bay, but the diversity of dddP gene in the Great Wall Bay was much higher than that in Adre Bay. 3) the GTAsG5) gene of the Antarctic inshore surface water mainly comes from the order Rhodophyta, and the diversity index of this gene in the two bays is close and high. 4) the comparative study of pufM and GTAsG5) gene in Antarctic inshore waters and Arctic Bay shows that the genetic diversity in Antarctic samples is slightly higher than that in Wangwan Bay Kou st1 station and far higher than that in Wang Wan Bay. This indicates that environmental and hydrological conditions have a significant positive correlation with silicate and phosphate. 5) all the pufM genes in the samples from the Royal Bay of the Arctic were derived from the red bacteria family of 偽 -Proteus, and the dominant genus was Thiobacillus. Based on the results of pufM diversity in the North and South, we speculate that the primers used may have a greater preference for specific groups, and more aerobic non-aerobic photosynthetic bacteria are not covered. All of the g5 genes in the samples of Wangwan were from the order Rhodobacterium. The diversity index of these two genes was higher than that in the bay. Specific ecological functional genes, such as photosynthetic genes, sulfur metabolism-related genes, gene level transfer factors, and so on, are highly diverse in Antarctic coastal waters. The results showed that the Rhodobacterium species, which mainly belonged to Rosebacterium, had strong adaptability to polar marine environment. Due to the limited working time of the thesis, the expression level of related genes under different environmental conditions (such as temperature, salinity, organic nutrition, etc.) has not been studied in this study. Further studies may consider the use of fluorescent quantitative PCR and transcriptome methods to detect the metabolic expression of these bacteria. The status and role of these bacteria and their ecological function genes in Antarctic cryogenic marine ecosystem are further understood.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：集美大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：Q178.53

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