本文選題：海洋自由立管 + 立管重入井��； 參考：《上海交通大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著人類社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展和進(jìn)步，社會(huì)對(duì)于自然資源和能源的依賴日益顯著，特別是對(duì)工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)能源——石油與天然氣的消耗更加巨大。石油天然氣為非可再生資源，隨著陸上原油與燃?xì)赓Y源的過度開采和淺海油氣的迅速枯竭，深海油氣的開發(fā)已經(jīng)成為人類社會(huì)再次獲取大量寶貴油氣資源的必要手段和必經(jīng)之路。我國(guó)深海海洋油氣資源勘探和開采整體處于初期階段，但是海洋油氣資源產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)非常龐大且潛力較強(qiáng)，將是未來我國(guó)能源產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)。 在海洋油氣勘探和開采工程作業(yè)中，尤其是針對(duì)深水資源的開發(fā)，海洋鉆井平臺(tái)的架設(shè)、海底鉆井和立管安裝均需要較高水平工程技術(shù)和安裝工藝，同時(shí)作業(yè)難度極高、工程風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性較大，投資與工程耗時(shí)比例很高。本文所研究的自由狀態(tài)鉆井立管的重入井安裝對(duì)于深水油氣資源開發(fā)而言非常重要，但是該工藝流程異常復(fù)雜、工程實(shí)施難度較大且風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性很高，容易遭受海況和氣候變化的影響。 國(guó)內(nèi)外很多學(xué)者針對(duì)鉆井立管的重入井過程開展了研究工作，建立了針對(duì)不同工況的多種水動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真模型和對(duì)應(yīng)的控制方法，如沿立管軸向加裝推進(jìn)器、根據(jù)工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)調(diào)整控制參數(shù)或采用PID反饋控制策略等。以上方法由于諸多實(shí)際工程限制因素?zé)o法普遍應(yīng)用，沒有非常強(qiáng)的實(shí)際工程意義和應(yīng)用。因此，為能夠優(yōu)化鉆井立管在重入井中的運(yùn)動(dòng)和型態(tài)變化，特別是抑制立管底部自由端的晃蕩，提高重入井作業(yè)效率和減少工程耗時(shí)與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，本文擬開展相關(guān)的立管模型和運(yùn)動(dòng)策略優(yōu)化研究：本文對(duì)自由狀態(tài)的深海立管進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的水動(dòng)力學(xué)建模分析并進(jìn)行了對(duì)比驗(yàn)證；同時(shí)為使得自由立管重入井過程更加高效、便捷的完成，且降低工程作業(yè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，研究中以自由立管動(dòng)力學(xué)響應(yīng)仿真分析結(jié)果為基礎(chǔ)，通過搜索優(yōu)化的方法尋找最佳的立管重入井運(yùn)動(dòng)策略，著重于抑制立管底部自由端的晃動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。 在具體研究?jī)?nèi)容上，本文針對(duì)自由鉆井的重入井，首先建立了適用于自由深海鉆井立管的水動(dòng)力學(xué)模型，可對(duì)鉆井立管的重入井安裝過程進(jìn)行數(shù)值仿真分析。作者以非線性Euler-Bernoulli梁力學(xué)模型為基礎(chǔ)建立自由狀態(tài)深海立管的連續(xù)微元體水動(dòng)力學(xué)模型，采用有限差分法(FDA)對(duì)模型方程組進(jìn)行化簡(jiǎn)，，通過牛頓迭代法進(jìn)行數(shù)值求解，對(duì)鉆井立管的重入井安裝作業(yè)過程進(jìn)行時(shí)域分析，預(yù)測(cè)在頂端運(yùn)動(dòng)策略控制下自由立管的型態(tài)、位移、張力等參數(shù)沿時(shí)間的變化。其次在該模型的基礎(chǔ)上，將在立管動(dòng)力學(xué)響應(yīng)特性的計(jì)算結(jié)果應(yīng)用于立管重入井的運(yùn)動(dòng)策略研究中，對(duì)重入井中的立管運(yùn)動(dòng)優(yōu)化。本文對(duì)基本蟻群優(yōu)化算法進(jìn)行了多方面改進(jìn)，以離散化的立管頂端運(yùn)動(dòng)加速度為對(duì)象進(jìn)行搜索優(yōu)化，使得深海自由立管的重入井安裝在優(yōu)化的運(yùn)動(dòng)策略下更加便捷和高效。優(yōu)化自由立管重入井運(yùn)動(dòng)的研究工作包括多項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，如自由立管無(wú)晃移動(dòng)、自由端晃動(dòng)抑制和入井自適應(yīng)控制等；本文著重研究抑制鉆井立管自由端晃動(dòng)的頂端優(yōu)化策略，以優(yōu)化運(yùn)動(dòng)策略對(duì)立管晃動(dòng)的抑制驗(yàn)證了本文采用的改進(jìn)型蟻群算法對(duì)立管重入井運(yùn)動(dòng)的優(yōu)化效果，并通過實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的對(duì)比驗(yàn)證了優(yōu)化運(yùn)動(dòng)策略對(duì)立管自由端晃動(dòng)與振蕩的抑制作用。 本文針對(duì)自由鉆井立管重入井安裝的研究工作在國(guó)內(nèi)海洋工程研究領(lǐng)域具有一定的創(chuàng)新性和探索性，其中采用連續(xù)微元體基礎(chǔ)模型對(duì)底端自由無(wú)約束的深水鉆井立管進(jìn)行建模，可針對(duì)性的仿真預(yù)測(cè)鉆井立管在重入井過程中的動(dòng)力學(xué)響應(yīng)特性。其次，本文改進(jìn)了基本蟻群優(yōu)化算法使其可以用于優(yōu)化立管頂端運(yùn)動(dòng)策略，并且優(yōu)化后的運(yùn)動(dòng)策略經(jīng)過實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證可應(yīng)用于鉆井立管重入井的實(shí)際工程作業(yè)中；相比于其它學(xué)者所做的立管重入井研究工作，本文優(yōu)化的僅為立管頂端運(yùn)動(dòng)策略，控制方式更加簡(jiǎn)單方便，在實(shí)際工程作業(yè)中更切實(shí)可行，同時(shí)可以使深海自由立管重入井安裝更加便捷、高效和安全，特別是在抑制立管底部自由端的晃動(dòng)和振蕩的工程應(yīng)用中有明顯的效果。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development and progress of human society, society is increasingly dependent on natural resources and energy, especially the consumption of industrial basic energy, oil and natural gas. Oil and natural gas are non renewable resources. With the overexploitation of land oil and gas resources and the rapid depletion of oil and gas in the shallow sea, the oil and gas are depleted, and the oil and gas are exhausted. The development of gas has become the necessary means and the necessary way for the human society to obtain a large amount of precious oil and gas resources again. The exploration and exploitation of the deep-sea marine oil and gas resources in our country is in the initial stage, but the industrial base of the marine oil and gas resources is very large and has a strong potential, which will be the strategic focus of the development of our energy industry in the future.
In marine oil and gas exploration and mining engineering, especially for the development of deep water resources, the erection of offshore drilling platforms, seabed drilling and erection of risers all need high level engineering technology and installation technology. At the same time, the operation is very difficult, the engineering risk is great, the time of investment and engineering is very high. The free state of this paper is studied. The installation of rig rig reentry well is very important for the development of deep water oil and gas resources. However, the process is very complicated, the project is difficult to implement and has high risk. It is easy to suffer from the influence of sea condition and climate change.
Many scholars at home and abroad have studied the process of drilling rig reentry well, and established various hydrodynamic simulation models and corresponding control methods for different working conditions, such as loading the propeller along the vertical pipe axially, adjusting the control parameters according to the engineering experience or adopting the PID back control strategy. The above methods are due to many practical conditions. In order to optimize the movement and pattern of the drilling rig in reentry wells, especially to suppress the sloshing of the free end of the riser at the bottom of the riser, improve the operation efficiency of the reentry well and reduce the time and risk of the project, the relevant riser model is proposed in this paper. Research on the optimization of the motion strategy: This paper makes a detailed hydrodynamic modeling analysis on the free state of the deep-sea riser and contrasts it. At the same time, in order to make the free riser reentry well more efficient and convenient to complete, and reduce the risk of the engineering work, the research is based on the results of the simulation analysis of the dynamic response of the riser. Based on the search optimization method, we find the best riser movement strategy, and focus on suppressing the sway motion of the free end of the riser.
On the specific research content, this paper first establishes a hydrodynamic model for the free deep drilling rig, which can be used for numerical simulation analysis of the installation process of the reentry well in the drilling riser. Based on the nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli beam mechanics model, the author establishes the continuous micro of the free state deep-sea riser. The finite difference method (FDA) is used to simplify the model equations. The numerical solution is carried out by the Newton iteration method. The time domain analysis is carried out on the installation process of the drilling rig reentry well, and the changes of the type, displacement, tension and other parameters of the free riser under the control of the top motion strategy are predicted. On the basis of the model, the calculation results of the dynamic response characteristics of the riser are applied to the study of the motion strategy of the riser reentry well, and the optimization of the riser motion in the reentrant well is optimized. In this paper, the basic ant colony optimization algorithm is improved in many aspects, and the search optimization is carried out with the velocity of the discrete riser at the top of the riser, making the deep sea free. The reentry well of the riser is more convenient and efficient under the optimized motion strategy. The research work on optimizing the movement of the free riser reentry well includes a number of contents, such as the free riser movement, the free end sloshing suppression and the adaptive control of the well entry. This paper focuses on the top optimization strategy of the free end sloshing of the riser. The suppression of the antagonistic tube sloshing of the moving strategy verifies the optimization effect of the improved ant colony algorithm, which is used in this paper, and proves the inhibition effect of the free end sloshing and oscillation of the optimal motion strategy through the comparison of the experimental results.
In this paper, the research on the installation of free drilling rig rig reentry well has a certain innovation and exploration in the field of domestic marine engineering research, in which the continuous microelement foundation model is used to model the free and unrestrained deep water drilling rig in the bottom end, and the dynamic simulation of the dynamics of the pretest rig riser in the reentry well Secondly, the basic ant colony optimization algorithm is improved in this paper, which can be used to optimize the top motion strategy of the riser, and the optimized motion strategy can be applied to the actual engineering operation of the drilling rig reentry well after the experiment. Compared with the research work of the rig reentry well done by other scholars, the optimization is only established in this paper. The control mode at the top of the tube is more simple and convenient, and it is more practical in practical engineering. At the same time, it can make the deep-sea free riser reentry well installation more convenient, efficient and safe, especially in the engineering application of restraining the sloshing and oscillation of the free end of the bottom of the riser.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P756.2

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