本文選題：管式 + 苦咸水淡化�。� 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著世界淡水資源的匱乏和化石能源的日益枯竭,利用太陽能聚光集熱技術(shù)產(chǎn)生熱能驅(qū)動苦咸水淡化裝置生成淡水將是緩減淡水短缺的有效途徑之一。尤其在人口密度低,降雨量少、陽光充足的地區(qū)進(jìn)行太陽能苦咸水淡化的意義顯而易見。常規(guī)使用的多級閃蒸或低溫多效苦咸水淡化裝置需要一定的規(guī)模要求,為此,提出一種可以小規(guī)模生產(chǎn)、分布式應(yīng)用的聚光管式太陽能苦咸水淡化系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,維護(hù)方便,能夠滿足偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的淡水需求。本文介紹了新型聚光管式太陽能苦咸水淡化系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理,設(shè)計了為管式太陽能苦咸水淡化裝置的供能槽式復(fù)合多曲面聚光集熱器,給出了組成聚光集熱器的拋物線方程,利用光學(xué)仿真軟件對影響聚光器性能的接收體形狀、入射偏角、安裝誤差等參數(shù)進(jìn)行了計算和仿真研究,得到該聚光器的跟蹤精度要求。同時,搭建槽式復(fù)合多曲面聚光器性能測試試驗臺,并對帶冷卻裝置的板式太陽能電池接收體的光熱性能進(jìn)行測試。結(jié)果表明,在近2倍聚光比條件下,換熱工質(zhì)為水,進(jìn)水流量為2.41 g/s時,該系統(tǒng)的綜合性能效率可達(dá)69.88%。分析了管式太陽能苦咸水淡化裝置內(nèi)部傳熱傳質(zhì)過程,給出了理論產(chǎn)水量的計算方法。搭建管式太陽能苦咸水淡化產(chǎn)水性能測試試驗臺,對影響該裝置產(chǎn)水性能的苦咸水水膜厚度、進(jìn)水流量等分別進(jìn)行了試驗研究,同時對該裝置進(jìn)行了定功率加熱過程產(chǎn)水量和溫度測試。研究表明,在定功率加熱試驗中,該裝置最大的性能系數(shù)為0.80。為了提高聚光管式太陽能苦咸水淡化裝置的淡水產(chǎn)量,本文探索了強化裝置內(nèi)部傳熱傳質(zhì)的方法和途徑,分別對回?zé)徇\行工況、負(fù)壓運行工況、風(fēng)冷負(fù)壓運行工況和水冷負(fù)壓運行工況時的裝置淡水產(chǎn)量和蒸發(fā)、冷凝溫度變化進(jìn)行了分析研究。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)運行溫度為50℃,運行壓力從100kPa減小到75kPa時,淡水產(chǎn)量增加了43%。在水冷負(fù)壓運行工況下中,當(dāng)運行溫度為70℃,運行壓力為75kPa時,裝置穩(wěn)定運行淡產(chǎn)水量為683.8g/h,比同工況下無水冷的產(chǎn)水量提高289%。通過提高蒸發(fā)冷凝溫差、減少裝置內(nèi)部的不凝氣體均可以實現(xiàn)強化裝置內(nèi)部傳熱傳質(zhì)過程的目的,進(jìn)而有效地提高裝置的淡水產(chǎn)量。
[Abstract]:With the shortage of fresh water resources and the depletion of fossil energy in the world, it is one of the effective ways to reduce the shortage of fresh water by using solar energy gathering technology to generate heat energy to drive brackish water desalination device to generate fresh water. Especially in areas with low population density, low rainfall and abundant sunshine, the significance of desalination of brackish water by solar energy is obvious. The conventional multi-stage flash or low-temperature multi-effect brackish water desalination device needs certain scale requirement. Therefore, a kind of concentrated light tube solar brackish water desalination system with small scale production and distributed application is put forward, which has a simple structure. Convenient maintenance to meet the freshwater needs of remote areas. This paper introduces the structure and working principle of a new type of solar brackish water desalination system with condensing tube, and designs the energy supply trough type multi-curved condensing collector for the tubular solar brackish water desalination device. The parabola equation of the concentrator is given. The parameters such as the shape of the receiver, the angle of incident deflection and the installation error which affect the performance of the concentrator are calculated and simulated by using the optical simulation software, and the tracking accuracy requirements of the concentrator are obtained. At the same time, the performance test bench of the slot composite multi-curved concentrator is built, and the photothermal performance of the plate solar cell receiver with cooling device is tested. The results show that when the heat transfer medium is water and the influent flow is 2.41 g / s, the comprehensive performance efficiency of the system can reach 69.88 under the condition of close to 2 times concentrated light ratio. The heat and mass transfer process in the tube solar desalination unit is analyzed, and the calculation method of theoretical water production is given. A tubular test rig was set up to test the water production performance of solar brackish water desalination. The thickness of brackish water film and the influent flow rate, which affect the water production performance of the device, were tested and studied respectively. At the same time, the water production and temperature of the device were measured during the constant power heating process. The results show that the maximum performance coefficient of the device is 0.80 in constant power heating test. In order to increase the fresh water output of the solar brackish water desalination device, the methods and ways of enhancing heat and mass transfer inside the unit are explored in this paper. The fresh water output, evaporation and condensing temperature of the unit under the operating conditions of air-cooled negative pressure and water-cooled negative pressure are analyzed and studied. The results showed that when the operating temperature was 50 鈩，

本文編號：1833591