本文選題：海岸帶 + 水深模型��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：一個(gè)國家沿海地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平高、資源環(huán)境壓力小、人口集聚度高�？焖俣鴾�(zhǔn)確地測定海岸帶信息，對于沿海地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)與海域的使用和管理具有十分重要的意義。由于入海河流泥沙的淤積、海洋動力的侵蝕、海平面上升以及地面沉降等自然條件的影響，以及人類港口的建設(shè)、人類填海造陸、沿海養(yǎng)殖等人類活動的影響，導(dǎo)致海岸帶不斷地發(fā)生著變化。對海岸帶信息的提取不僅能夠展示出海岸帶近期將形成的輪廓，而且可以對決策者提供海域治理和海岸帶地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的依據(jù)。海岸帶的傳統(tǒng)測定方法是靠野外實(shí)地測量調(diào)查的法，，該方法耗費(fèi)大量人力物力、工作效率低、周期長，并且獲取的數(shù)據(jù)不易統(tǒng)計(jì)。遙感技術(shù)是建立在現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)、電子計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、數(shù)學(xué)方法和地學(xué)規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上的，其最大的優(yōu)勢為大面積的同步預(yù)測能力和多源數(shù)據(jù)的獲取能力，而使遙感的方法在海岸帶調(diào)查中具有顯而易見的優(yōu)勢。 本文以黃河三角洲海岸帶為研究區(qū)，在國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“基于地表參量的污水灌溉區(qū)農(nóng)田生態(tài)安全遙感監(jiān)測研究”和山東省重大水利科研與技術(shù)推廣項(xiàng)目“基于水沙變化的黃河三角洲高效經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)水資源安全保障與海岸帶防護(hù)技術(shù)研究”的支撐下，利用遙感技術(shù)和地理信息技術(shù)，完成了黃河三角洲海岸帶信息的提取，從時(shí)間和空間角度分析海岸帶信息的動態(tài)變化，簡要闡述了影響海岸帶變化的主要因素。研究的主要內(nèi)容和成果有： （1）對遙感影像的進(jìn)行專題信息增強(qiáng)后，提取海岸帶各專題信息，其中重點(diǎn)是被淹沒在水下的低潮線的提取，本文依據(jù)遙感水深反演的方法，利用BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建立海水深度與遙感影像灰度之間的關(guān)系模型，反演出水深，再結(jié)合數(shù)字高程數(shù)據(jù)和潮汐資料推算出低潮線。 （2）通過面向?qū)ο蟮挠?jì)算機(jī)自動分類與人機(jī)交互相結(jié)合的方法對海岸帶土地利用類型進(jìn)行提取，復(fù)合遙感影像的光譜特征、幾何特征、紋理特征和高程特征等作為分類的模板，與簡單的根據(jù)光譜值的最大似然法分類相比，得到的分類結(jié)果精度更高。 （3）從時(shí)間和空間上分析岸線變化和土地利用變化。結(jié)果表明，2002年至2012年期間，黃河三角洲海岸帶變化比較明顯。岸線的變化在不同時(shí)間、不同位置的表現(xiàn)各異，空間上看，黃河河口附近岸線逐漸向海推進(jìn)，刁口附近岸線有向陸推進(jìn)的趨勢，兩河口之間的岸線向海向陸擺動變化；時(shí)間上看，前期岸線變化幅度較后期變化幅度大。三角洲海岸帶土地利用類型的變化主要表現(xiàn)在養(yǎng)殖場及鹽田和荒草地的增加以及水庫坑塘用地和淺海水域的減少；土地利用程度在國家政策干預(yù)下逐漸減少，灘涂濕地、沼澤濕地相互轉(zhuǎn)化。 （4）海岸帶變化的影響因素分析說明，人類活動的影響對黃河三角洲海岸帶變化產(chǎn)生了關(guān)鍵作用，其它自然因素是人為因素的反饋。
[Abstract]:The economic development of a country's coastal areas is high, the pressure of resources and environment is small and the population concentration is high. The rapid and accurate measurement of the coastal zone information is of great significance for the economic development of coastal areas and the use and management of the sea area. The influence of natural conditions, such as surface subsidence, as well as the construction of human ports, human land reclamation, coastal aquaculture, and other human activities, leads to the continuous changes in the coastal zone. The extraction of coastal information can not only show the outline of the coastal zone in the near future, but also provide sea area control and coastal zone for the decision makers. The traditional measurement method of the coastal zone is based on the field survey method, which takes a large amount of manpower and material resources, low working efficiency and long period, and the data obtained are not easy to be counted. Remote sensing technology is based on modern physics, electronic computer technology, mathematical methods and geoscience rules. The greatest advantage is the large area of synchronous prediction ability and the acquisition ability of multi source data, and the remote sensing method has obvious advantages in the survey of the coastal zone.
This paper takes the the Yellow River Delta coastal zone as the research area, and in the National Natural Science Foundation Project "remote sensing monitoring of farmland ecological security based on the surface parameters based on the surface parameters" and the major water conservancy scientific research and Technology Extension Project in Shandong Province, the water resources security and coastal zone protection of the the Yellow River delta high efficiency economic zone based on the change of water and sand With the support of protection technology research, the information extraction of coastal zone in the Yellow River delta is extracted by remote sensing and geographic information technology. The dynamic changes of coastal zone information are analyzed from the angle of time and space, and the main factors affecting the coastal zone change are briefly expounded. The main contents and results of the study are as follows:
(1) after the enhancement of the special information of remote sensing images, the special information of the coastal zone is extracted. The emphasis is on the extraction of the low tide line submerged under the water. In this paper, the relationship model between the depth of sea water and the gray level of remote sensing image is established by using the method of remote sensing water depth inversion and the BP neural network is used to establish the depth of water, and then the digital elevation data is combined. The low tide line is calculated by the tidal data.
(2) to extract the land-use types of coastal zone by the method of automatic classification of object oriented computer and human-computer intersection, the spectral features, geometric features, texture features and elevation characteristics of the composite remote sensing images are used as the classified templates, and the classification results are compared with the simple classification of the maximum likelihood classification according to the spectral values. The precision is higher.
(3) the change of shore line and land use change in time and space are analyzed. The results show that the change of the coastal zone of the Yellow River delta is obvious during the period from 2002 to 2012. The change of the coastline is different at different time and in different positions. In space, the coastline near the estuary of the Yellow River is progressively advancing to the sea, and the coastline near the Diao mouth has a trend toward land propulsion. The coastline between the two estuaries changes from the sea to the land. In time, the change amplitude of the early shoreline is larger than that in the later period. The changes in the land use types of the Delta coastal zone are mainly manifested in the increase of the farm and salt fields and the wasteland and the reduction of the reservoir pit and shallow waters; the land use degree is in the State Administration. Under the policy intervention, tidal flat wetlands and swamps gradually converge.
(4) the analysis of the influence factors of the change of the coastal zone shows that the influence of human activity plays a key role in the change of the coastal zone in the Yellow River Delta, and the other natural factors are the feedback of human factors.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P715.7;P737.1

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