本文選題：渤海灣　切入點(diǎn)：圍填海　出處：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前沿海城市發(fā)展迅速,無論是經(jīng)濟(jì)還是科技都處于領(lǐng)先地位,這就吸引了大量的人口向沿海城市的涌入,求學(xué)或者工作以至于定居,沿海地區(qū)帶來各項(xiàng)進(jìn)步的同時(shí)也給其造成了很大的壓力,于是人類想到了一個(gè)向海借地的好方法——填海造陸,不僅能夠解決當(dāng)前日益增長(zhǎng)的用地矛盾,而且能夠很好的利用資源,與此同時(shí),很多由于填海造陸造成的負(fù)面影響也悄然而至,這些引起了許多專家學(xué)者的關(guān)注。本文以渤海灣為研究對(duì)象,主要分析天津近海海域,針對(duì)天津近海圍填海工程對(duì)其附近海域的潮流、潮汐以及納潮量和水交換的影響展開研究,在此過程中針對(duì)潮汐、潮流進(jìn)行了實(shí)地的觀測(cè),通過對(duì)觀測(cè)結(jié)果的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)在天津近海圍填海工程附近水域的觀測(cè)點(diǎn)這兩項(xiàng)要素的形態(tài)差別較大,為了能夠更加清晰的認(rèn)知圍填海工程帶來的影響,本文利用數(shù)值模擬方法進(jìn)行研究。針對(duì)渤海灣及其附近海域顯著地特點(diǎn):岸線復(fù)雜彎曲、分布不均勻的較大灘涂面積和形態(tài)復(fù)雜的海底底地形,本文選擇利用三維水動(dòng)力模型——FVCOM進(jìn)行模擬研究,該數(shù)值模型具有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn):三角形網(wǎng)格、有限體積法、干濕邊界處理方法,這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)可以很好地解決渤海灣模擬的問題。選擇好模型之后利用實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,得到可靠結(jié)果之后,能夠利用該模型進(jìn)行接下來的研究。本文選取了三個(gè)典型的歷史時(shí)期,2005年、2010年、2015年進(jìn)行研究,2005年之前天津近海并未進(jìn)行大規(guī)模圍填海工程,2015年圍填海工程基本完成,三個(gè)時(shí)期岸線變化較大,因此選取這幾個(gè)典型時(shí)期研究更能準(zhǔn)確的展示天津近海水動(dòng)力環(huán)境在不同岸線條件下的變化。對(duì)模擬結(jié)果研究分析得到圍填海工程改變了天津近海潮汐特征,各分潮從外海向渤海灣內(nèi)傳播,至天津近岸處振幅最大,遲角自北向南逐漸變大,至岸邊等遲角線基本與岸線垂直;對(duì)天津沿海潮流特征的影響較為復(fù)雜。主要是因?yàn)楹０豆こ檀罅拷ㄔO(shè),岸線復(fù)雜,尤其是近岸工程附近潮流主要依岸線流動(dòng)。漲落潮期間,南部海域?yàn)槲髂?東北走向往復(fù)流,北部沿海漲落潮流向?yàn)闁|南-西北向往復(fù)流。余流以沿岸流為主,余流受岸線影響十分顯著,流向變化復(fù)雜;圍填海工程是的天津近海納潮量的明顯減小。從2005年開始至2015年,納潮量的整體趨勢(shì)呈現(xiàn)逐年遞減的趨勢(shì),至2020年眾多圍填海工程建成后,納潮量對(duì)圍填海工程的響應(yīng)較為顯著;圍填海工程對(duì)海域水交換的影響顯著,使得污染物擴(kuò)散緩慢,給海域的水環(huán)境造成了較大壓力,并且具有一定的影響。通過分析得出相比2005年,采用2015年?duì)顩r下的渤海灣水交換率明顯下降。水交換率的下降,隨時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)有逐漸增大的趨勢(shì),下降的水交換率將延長(zhǎng)污染物擴(kuò)散時(shí)間,使渤海灣原本就困難的擴(kuò)散能力更加降低,使原本就惡劣的海洋環(huán)境更加惡化。同時(shí)對(duì)功能區(qū)劃中圍填海工程可能對(duì)渤海灣水交換能力造成的影響進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè)。在2020年功能區(qū)劃圍填海計(jì)劃完成的狀態(tài)下,半交換周期需408天,比2015年情況下的延長(zhǎng)10天,同時(shí)水交換率也有明顯的下降。通過以上研究分析結(jié)果,可以預(yù)測(cè)在未來圍填海工程下天津近岸水動(dòng)力環(huán)境的變化,從而更加科學(xué)深入的認(rèn)識(shí)到海洋環(huán)境要素對(duì)圍填海工程累積效應(yīng)的響應(yīng),對(duì)于科學(xué)合理開發(fā)海岸帶資源,保護(hù)海岸帶生態(tài)環(huán)境具有重要經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。
[Abstract]:The coastal city of the rapid development of both the economy and science and technology are in the leading position, which attracted a large influx of population to the coastal city, study or work that settle in coastal areas, bring the progress but also to which caused a lot of pressure on the human thought of a loan to the sea of good methods: land reclamation, land can not only solve the contradiction of the current growing, but also very good use of resources, at the same time, because of the many negative effects caused by sea reclamation also quietly, which attracted many scholars attention. In this paper, the Gulf of Bohai as the research object, the main analysis of the coastal waters of Tianjin, in Tianjin the trend of reclamation on the surrounding coastal waters near the study effect of tide and tidal volume and water exchange, in the process for the tide, tide in the field Observation, through the analysis of the observation results, found in Tianjin coastal waters near Wai reclamation observation point of morphological differences between these two elements is large, in order to effect a more clear cognition of the sea reclamation project, this paper studied by numerical simulation method. For the waters of the Gulf of Bohai and its significant characteristics: complex near the shoreline bending, the uneven distribution of large tidal flats and complex patterns of seafloor topography, this paper simulated by three-dimensional hydrodynamic model -- FVCOM, the numerical model has the following advantages: triangular mesh, finite volume method, the wet dry boundary processing method, these advantages can solve the problem. After the simulation in Bohai Bay choose a good model using measured data to verify the model, then get a reliable result, can carry out the following research by using the model. We select three A typical historical period, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2005 before Tianjin offshore has not carried out a large-scale reclamation, land reclamation projects completed in 2015, three periods of shoreline changes greatly, so this study selects several typical period more accurately show the Tianjin water power environment in different shoreline conditions change. The simulation results of research results of sea reclamation changed Tianjin offshore tidal characteristics, the tide from the sea to spread to Tianjin in the Gulf of Bohai, near the shore of maximum amplitude, angle from the north to the South gradually, to the shore line and shoreline vertical angle; impact on Tianjin coastal tidal current characteristics are more complex. Because a lot of construction of coastal engineering, coastal complex, especially near the main trend in offshore engineering. During the ebb flow of coastline, the southern waters to the southwest - northeast direction to The complex flow, the northern coastal tidal current to southeast northwest for reflow. The residual current in the coastal current, the residual current by the shoreline influence to complex changes; decrease the reclamation is the tidal volume. Tianjin Haina started from 2005 to 2015, the overall trend of tidal volume is decreasing year by year the trend, to 2020 many reclamation project is completed, the response to tidal volume of the sea reclamation project is significant; effects of the reclamation of sea water exchange significantly, making the diffusion of pollutants is slow, resulting in greater pressure to the sea water environment, and has a certain influence. Through analysis that compared to 2005, by 2015 under the condition of the water exchange in Bohai Bay was significantly decreased. The water exchange rate decline, gradually increased along with the prolongation of time, decrease the rate of water exchange will extend the pollutant diffusion time, the Bohai Bay was trapped The more difficult to reduce the diffusion ability, which had a bad effect on the deterioration of the marine environment. At the same time in the planning of reclamation project may result in Bohai bay water exchange capacity were predicted in 2020. The reclamation function zoning plans to complete the state, half exchange period for 408 days, than in 2015 under the condition of extension the 10 day, while water exchange rates have decreased significantly. Through the above research results can predict changes in the future reclamation projects under the Tianjin nearshore hydrodynamic environment, thus more scientific understanding to the marine environment of the reclamation project in response to the cumulative effects of resources for scientific and rational development of coastal zone, ecological environment the protection of the coastal zone has important economic and social benefits.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P756.8;P731.2

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