本文選題：海水淡化　切入點(diǎn)：正壓蒸餾　出處：《哈爾濱工程大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：海水淡化裝置是保障遠(yuǎn)洋航行、作業(yè)的船舶淡水補(bǔ)充的重要設(shè)備,其中,蒸餾法是海水淡化主要方法之一。研究表明,蒸餾裝置淡化性能及除鹽特性受系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行參數(shù)和裝置結(jié)構(gòu)的影響較大,本文旨在通過對(duì)蒸餾法海水淡化裝置進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,分析影響裝置性能的因素及影響規(guī)律,對(duì)海水淡化裝置結(jié)構(gòu)及運(yùn)行工況進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。本文首先對(duì)比分析蒸餾法、閃蒸法、反滲透法海水淡化工藝的特點(diǎn),結(jié)合船舶海水淡化裝置對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)、淡水水質(zhì)的特殊需求,基于正壓蒸餾的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì),確定反滲透-正壓蒸餾的海水淡化方案。其后,針對(duì)正壓蒸餾海水淡化系統(tǒng),對(duì)其關(guān)鍵設(shè)備蒸發(fā)器、冷凝器、內(nèi)置汽水分離裝置進(jìn)行熱力設(shè)計(jì)和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。搭建了正壓蒸餾海水淡化裝置性能研究實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),并論證K2C03溶液模擬海水的適用性。據(jù)此,對(duì)裝置的熱效率、淡水產(chǎn)量、造水比、淡水含鹽量等性能指標(biāo)進(jìn)行測(cè)試,裝置在設(shè)計(jì)工況運(yùn)行時(shí),各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均已達(dá)到。同時(shí),對(duì)不同加熱蒸汽壓力、原料水流量、原料水含鹽量工況下,海水淡化裝置的運(yùn)行特性進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,分析各參數(shù)對(duì)裝置淡化性能及除鹽特性的影響。針對(duì)內(nèi)置汽水分離裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)特征,對(duì)初級(jí)分離器的流場(chǎng)及兩相流動(dòng)進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,計(jì)算不同新蒸汽濕度、流速工況的分離效率及脫鹽率。對(duì)初級(jí)分離器結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化,對(duì)比分析兩種結(jié)構(gòu)分離器的內(nèi)部流場(chǎng),表明帶擋板分離器對(duì)小直徑液滴的捕集概率較高,增加了裝置脫鹽率。最后,基于鍋爐排污的計(jì)算及分析,確定本文海水淡化裝置采用連續(xù)排污方式,建立排污工況數(shù)學(xué)模型,計(jì)算裝置給水含鹽量及所需加熱蒸汽流量隨排污率的變化關(guān)系。并對(duì)裝置不同排污率工況進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,對(duì)比理論計(jì)算值,分析排污率對(duì)海水淡化裝置經(jīng)濟(jì)性和除鹽特性的影響,并確定本文設(shè)計(jì)的小型海水淡化裝置的排污率為15%。
[Abstract]:Seawater desalination device is an important equipment to protect ocean-going navigation and supply fresh water for ships operating. Among them, distillation is one of the main methods of seawater desalination. The desalination performance and desalination characteristics of the distillation unit are greatly affected by the system operation parameters and the unit structure. This paper aims at analyzing the factors affecting the performance of the distillation desalination unit and its influencing law through the experimental study on the distillation desalination unit. The structure and operation conditions of seawater desalination unit were optimized. Firstly, the characteristics of distillation, flash evaporation and reverse osmosis desalination process were compared and analyzed, and combined with the special requirements of marine seawater desalination unit for its structure and fresh water quality. Based on the technical advantages of barotropic distillation, the desalination scheme of reverse osmosis and barotropic distillation was determined. The thermal design and structure design of the built-in steam water separation unit were carried out. An experimental platform for studying the performance of a barotropic distillation seawater desalination unit was set up, and the applicability of simulating seawater by K2C03 solution was demonstrated. Based on this, the thermal efficiency, fresh water output and water ratio of the unit were studied. The performance indexes of fresh water salt content and so on have been tested, and each index has been achieved when the device is running under the design conditions. At the same time, under the conditions of different heating steam pressure, raw water flow rate and raw water salt content, The operation characteristics of seawater desalination unit are studied experimentally, and the effects of various parameters on desalination performance and desalination characteristics are analyzed. The flow field and two-phase flow of primary separator are numerically simulated according to the structural characteristics of the built-in steam water separator. The separation efficiency and desalination rate of different new steam humidity, flow rate and desalination rate are calculated. For the structure optimization of primary separator, the internal flow field of the two kinds of separators is compared and analyzed. The results show that the trap probability of small diameter droplets with baffle separator is higher. The desalination rate is increased. Finally, based on the calculation and analysis of boiler sewage, it is determined that the seawater desalination unit in this paper adopts continuous discharge mode, and establishes the mathematical model of discharge condition. The relationship between the salt content of feed water and the steam flow rate of heating is calculated, and the experimental study is carried out on the different discharge rate conditions of the unit, and the calculated values are compared with the theoretical values. This paper analyzes the effect of sewage rate on the economy and desalination characteristics of seawater desalination plant, and determines that the sewage discharge rate of the small seawater desalination unit designed in this paper is 15.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P747

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