本文選題：東海原甲藻　切入點：米氏凱倫藻　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：已有的研究表明,全球氣候變暖,海水溫度上升,對海洋浮游植物種群的演變有重要影響。東海近岸海域中肋骨條藻、東海原甲藻和米氏凱倫藻是最近幾年東海赤潮高發(fā)區(qū)主要赤潮生物。硅藻和甲藻赤潮演替經(jīng)常交替進(jìn)行(硅藻-甲藻-硅藻),營養(yǎng)鹽水平的變化主導(dǎo)著硅藻與甲藻之間的演替,但是甲藻之間更替時營養(yǎng)鹽幾乎處于同樣的水平,其他因素(溫度、光照和鹽度等)很有可能在東海原甲藻赤潮和米氏凱倫藻赤潮演替時起了決定性的作用。本文根據(jù)甲藻赤潮發(fā)生季節(jié)海水溫度不斷上升的情況以及海水中磷濃度較低的事實,研究不同溫度(16-28℃,甲藻赤潮能夠發(fā)生的主要溫度區(qū)間)和營養(yǎng)鹽水平對東海原甲藻和米氏凱倫藻生長、光合特性以及相關(guān)基因表達(dá)的影響；探討正常營養(yǎng)鹽水平和在低磷情況下不同溫度對東海原甲藻和米氏凱倫藻種間競爭的影響以及東海原甲藻和米氏凱倫藻間化感作用；通過統(tǒng)計分析歷年海水表溫數(shù)據(jù)與甲藻赤潮爆發(fā)之間的相關(guān)性,預(yù)估全球氣候變化情景下(變暖和變冷)的甲藻赤潮爆發(fā)趨勢。主要研究結(jié)果如下： (1)模擬季節(jié)變化中海水溫度升高的情景,研究不同溫度培養(yǎng)對東海原甲藻和米氏凱倫藻生長、光合作用以及Rubisco基因表達(dá)的影響,結(jié)果表明東海原甲藻和米氏凱倫藻的最適生長溫度分別為20和24℃,米氏凱倫藻生長速率大于東海原甲藻；東海原甲藻和米氏凱倫藻的最大光合作用分別出現(xiàn)在24和28℃,低溫培養(yǎng)(16℃)顯著降低對米氏凱倫藻光合作用,東海原甲藻的光合作用能力大于米氏凱倫藻；其中東海原甲藻和米氏凱倫藻的Rubisco基因最適表達(dá)溫度分別為20和24℃。 (2)通過模擬甲藻赤潮發(fā)生季節(jié)海水中磷濃度較低的情景,研究不同營養(yǎng)鹽水平對兩種藻類生長的影響,培養(yǎng)中期(第12天)再次添加營養(yǎng)鹽(f/2培養(yǎng)基)比一次性添加營養(yǎng)鹽相比在實驗后期可以顯著提高兩種藻類的細(xì)胞濃度,同步測定硝酸鹽和磷酸鹽濃度發(fā)現(xiàn),兩種不同營養(yǎng)鹽水平培養(yǎng)下,東海原甲藻對硝酸鹽吸收利用率均不高,對磷酸鹽吸收利用率則較高,米氏凱倫藻對硝酸鹽和磷酸鹽的吸收利用率均非常高。在低磷情況下,東海原甲藻和米氏凱倫藻的生長均受到明顯的抑制。 (3)在單培養(yǎng)實驗的基礎(chǔ)上,模擬東海區(qū)甲藻赤潮發(fā)生雙赤潮的情景,研究正常營養(yǎng)鹽水平和低磷條件下不同溫度對東海原甲藻和米氏凱倫藻的種間競爭影響。結(jié)果顯示,在正常營養(yǎng)鹽情況下東海原甲藻在低溫下(16-20℃)和起始細(xì)胞濃度比占優(yōu)時與米氏凱倫藻的競爭中具有較大的優(yōu)勢,米氏凱倫藻在高溫下(24-28℃)和高起始細(xì)胞濃度下(0.8×104cells ml-1)與東海原甲藻的競爭中具有絕對的優(yōu)勢。在低磷條件下,東海原甲藻和米氏凱倫藻生長規(guī)律呈現(xiàn)出先上升而后有所下降最后或上升或被抑制下降狀態(tài),在16℃培養(yǎng)條件下,在不同細(xì)胞起始濃度下東海原甲藻與米氏凱倫藻的競爭中有一定優(yōu)勢。米氏凱倫藻在高溫下(24-28℃)與東海原甲藻的競爭中具有絕對的優(yōu)勢。因此,低磷條件增加了米氏凱倫藻對東海原甲藻的競爭優(yōu)勢。 (4)通過研究不同溫度對兩種甲藻化感作用影響時發(fā)現(xiàn),米氏凱倫藻過濾液對東海原甲藻的生長產(chǎn)生很大抑制作用,其中與培養(yǎng)溫度和東海原甲藻起始細(xì)胞濃度關(guān)系密切,即培養(yǎng)溫度越低抑制越明顯,同時東海原甲藻起始細(xì)胞濃度越高抑制作用越弱,米氏凱倫藻過濾液中化感物質(zhì)對熱比較敏感；東海原甲藻過濾對米氏凱倫藻的生長也有一定的抑制作用,但是東海原甲藻過濾液對熱不敏感,米氏凱倫藻的生長抑制程度與米氏凱倫藻對溫度的適應(yīng)性有一定的關(guān)聯(lián),即在最適生長溫度下米氏凱倫藻受東海原甲藻過濾液影響最小,另外,起始細(xì)胞濃度對結(jié)果也會產(chǎn)生一定的影響,低溫低起始濃度(16℃,0.35×104cells ml-1)反而對米氏凱倫藻生長具有促進(jìn)作用,但其機理尚不清楚。 (5)根據(jù)對2001年至2010年間東海原甲藻和米氏凱倫藻赤潮爆發(fā)時海水表面溫度變化統(tǒng)計分析顯示,東海原甲藻赤潮爆發(fā)時海水表面溫度平均為20.30℃,屬于偏低溫爆發(fā)的赤潮；米氏凱倫藻赤潮爆發(fā)時海水表面溫度平均為23.42℃,屬于偏高溫爆發(fā)的赤潮；東海原甲藻和米氏凱倫藻雙赤潮爆發(fā)時平均溫度為20.79℃,介于兩者之間。2005年(偏暖)東海原甲藻爆發(fā)面積和持續(xù)時間占優(yōu)勢,2008年(偏冷)米氏凱倫藻先于東海原甲藻爆發(fā)而且規(guī)模也較大,全球氣候變化和東海區(qū)甲藻赤潮爆發(fā)規(guī)律存在一定的關(guān)聯(lián)性,同時表明了溫度變化對兩種甲藻赤潮演替的重要性。 總之,無論是實驗室模擬兩種甲藻競爭結(jié)果還是現(xiàn)場海水表溫分析結(jié)果而言,東海赤潮高發(fā)區(qū)甲藻赤潮優(yōu)勢種更替過程中海水溫度變化起到了非常重要的作用,溫度變化對兩種甲藻的生長和光合生理生化等指標(biāo)的研究結(jié)果也初步闡明了東海原甲藻和米氏凱倫藻種間競爭機制。通過以上結(jié)論可以初步預(yù)估當(dāng)全球變暖東海區(qū)海水溫度比常年升高時米氏凱倫藻赤潮爆發(fā)規(guī)模將會擴大,反之當(dāng)全球變冷東海區(qū)海水溫度比常年下降時東海原甲藻赤潮爆發(fā)規(guī)模將會擴大。
[Abstract]:Previous studies show that global warming, rising sea temperatures have important influence on the evolution of marine phytoplankton populations. Costatum in coastal waters of the East China Sea, p.donghaiense and Michaelis Karen algae in recent years in the East China Sea red tide algae. Mainly diatoms and dinoflagellates (often alternating diatom succession - a algae, diatoms) changes in nutrient levels dominate the succession between diatoms and dinoflagellates, but the replacement of dinoflagellate between nutrients almost at the same level, other factors (temperature, light and salinity etc.) is likely to play a decisive role in the dinoflagellate blooms and Michaelis Karen bloom according to the succession. Red tide occurrence season seawater temperature rising and seawater phosphorus concentration is low in fact, the study of different temperature (mainly temperature range of 16-28 DEG C, dinoflagellate blooms can occur) and The level of nutrients on the growth of Prorocentrum donghaiense and Michaelis Karen algae, photosynthetic characteristics and related gene expression; explore the normal levels of nutrients and salt in low phosphorus under different temperature on p.donghaiense and Michaelis Karen algae interspecific competition and the influence of p.donghaiense and Michaelis Karen algae allelopathy over the years; through the statistical analysis of correlation between sea surface temperature data and red tide outbreak, estimated global climate change scenarios (warming and cooling) of the red tide outbreak trend. The main results are as follows:
(1) the seasonal variation in simulated seawater temperature rise situation, study different culture temperatures on p.donghaiense and Michaelis Karen of algae growth, photosynthesis and the influence of the expression of Rubisco gene, results showed that the optimum growth temperature of Prorocentrum donghaiense and Michaelis Karen algae were 20 and greater than 24 DEG C, Michaelis Prorocentrum the growth rate of algae Karen; maximum photosynthesis of Prorocentrum donghaiense and Michaelis Karen algae respectively in 24 and 28 DEG C, cultivated at low temperature (16 DEG C) significantly decreased on Michaelis Karen algae photosynthesis, Prorocentrum Michaelis photosynthesis ability than Karen algae; the Rubisco gene of Prorocentrum donghaiense and Michaelis Karen was the optimal the expression of temperature were 20 and 24 degrees.
(2) through the simulation of dinoflagellate red tide occurrence season water phosphorus concentration is low situation, effects of different nutrient levels on the growth of two species of algae, culture medium (twelfth days) to add nutrients (f/2 medium) than adding nutrients than in the later stage of the experiment can significantly improve the cell concentration of two algae, simultaneous determination of nitrate and phosphate concentration, two different nutrient levels under cultivation, Prorocentrum absorption and utilization rate is not high on nitrate, phosphate uptake and utilization rate is higher, the Michaelis Karen algae on nitrate and phosphate uptake rates are very high in low phosphorus conditions. Michaelis, p.donghaiense and Karen algae growth was inhibited.
(3) in the single culture on the basis of experiment, simulation of two red tide dinoflagellate red tide in the East China Sea region on the scene, salt level normal nutrition and low phosphorus under different temperature on p.donghaiense and Michaelis Karen algae interspecific competition effect. The results show that under normal circumstances the nutrient dinoflagellates in the East China Sea low temperature (16-20 DEG C) and initial cell concentration has more advantages than dominant and Michaelis Karen algae competition, Michaelis Karen algae at high temperature (24-28 DEG C) and high initial cell concentration (0.8 * 104cells ML-1) has the absolute advantage and Prorocentrum competition in low phosphorus conditions. Under the growth rule of p.donghaiense and Michaelis Karen algae showed increased and then decreased finally or rise or suppressed decline, 16 degrees in the culture conditions in different initial cell concentration of Prorocentrum donghaiense and Michaelis Karen competition in some algae Advantage. Karen's algae have absolute advantage in the competition at the high temperature (24-28 degrees) and the original dinoflagellate in the East China Sea. Therefore, the low phosphorus condition increased the competitive advantage of Michaelis Karen algae to the original dinoflagellate.
(4) found by studying the effect of temperature on the two dinoflagellate species allelopathic effects, growth of Michaelis Karen algae filtrate of P. donghaiense produced a significant inhibition of the close relationship between temperature and cultivation of p.donghaiense and initial cell concentration, namely the cultivation of low temperature is more obvious inhibition, and Prorocentrum the higher the concentration of algal initial cell inhibition weaker, Michaelis Karen algae filtrate in allelochemicals is sensitive to heat; it also had certain inhibitory effects on the growth of Michaelis Karen algae Prorocentrum donghaiense filter, but the filtered liquid is not sensitive to heat, is related to the degree of the growth inhibition and adaptability Michaelis Karen Karen on temperature Michaelis algae algae, the optimum growth temperature by Michaelis Karen algae Prorocentrum filter liquid minimal impact, in addition, the initial cell concentration on the results will have a certain impact, low temperature low The initial concentration (16 C, 0.35 x 104cells ML-1) has a promoting effect on the growth of Karen algae, but its mechanism is not clear.
(5) according to the outbreak of Prorocentrum Michaelis and Karen bloom in the East China Sea from 2001 to 2010, when the sea surface temperature change statistical analysis showed that the dinoflagellate blooms at the outbreak of the average sea surface temperature is 20.30 DEG C, the temperature is low in red tide outbreak; Michaelis Karen bloom burst when the average sea surface temperature is 23.42 DEG C the outbreak of red tide, belongs to a relatively high temperature; Prorocentrum donghaiense and Michaelis Karen at the outbreak of red tide algae double the average temperature of 20.79 degrees, between.2005 years (warmer) HAB outbreak area and duration of dominant, 2008 (cold) Michaelis Karen before the outbreak of algal dinoflagellate and larger scale the global climate change, and the East China Sea red tide outbreak law there is a certain correlation, also shows the importance of temperature change on the two red tide dinoflagellate succession.
In short, whether it is the laboratory simulation of two dinoflagellate species competition results or seawater surface temperature analysis results, changes of seawater temperature in East China Sea red tide dinoflagellate HAB areas change of dominant species plays a very important role, the effect of temperature on the two dinoflagellate species growth and Photosynthetic Physiological and biochemical indexes of the preliminary clarify the p.donghaiense and Michaelis Karen algae interspecific competition mechanism. The above conclusions can be a preliminary estimate of global warming when the seawater temperature rises than the East China Sea region perennial Michaelis Karen bloom outbreak scale will be expanded when the global cooling in the East China Sea water temperature than normal decline dinoflagellate blooms outbreak will be expanded.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X55

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