本文選題：塔瑪亞歷山大復(fù)合種　切入點(diǎn)：AFLP　出處：《暨南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：塔瑪亞歷山大藻復(fù)合種(Alexandrium tamarense species complex)是重要的赤潮原因種之一,包括塔瑪亞歷山大藻(A.tamarense)、芬地亞歷山大藻(A.fundyense)和鏈狀亞歷山大藻(A.catenella)。其能夠產(chǎn)生麻痹性貝毒(PSP toxin),對生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和人類健康造成了巨大的危害。塔瑪亞歷山大藻廣泛存在于我國沿海各大海域,并曾在渤海、東海及廈門海域爆發(fā)赤潮,但各大海域塔瑪亞歷山大藻的遺傳多樣性、分化水平如何?其與世界其他海域的塔瑪亞歷山大藻復(fù)合種的關(guān)系如何?毒素成分有什么特征?目前均不十分清楚。本研究采用高效能的DNA指紋標(biāo)記技術(shù)擴(kuò)增片段長度多態(tài)性分子標(biāo)記(amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)對采自世界范圍內(nèi)不同海域的82株塔瑪亞歷山大藻復(fù)合種進(jìn)行了遺傳多樣性和遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)的分析,篩選出370個(gè)多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)。樣品存在較高的遺傳多樣性,Nei’s遺傳多樣(h)在0.137~0.266之間,平均為0.186;香農(nóng)指數(shù)(I)在0.190~0.408之間,平均為0.275。不同地理種群間遺傳分化指數(shù)(Fst)不同,范圍在0.007~0.303之間,其中東海種群與南海種群、黃渤海種群與楚科奇海種群間的遺傳分化很小,分別只有0.007和0.032。不同地域種群間基因流不同,平均為1.628。Structure種群結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)測與主坐標(biāo)分析(PCo A)顯示,82株樣品可分為4個(gè)組,其中中國黃渤海與楚科奇海種群為一組。綜合以上結(jié)果,可以認(rèn)為中國黃渤海塔瑪亞歷山大藻復(fù)合種與楚科奇海藻株同源。此外,本研究采用高效液相色譜方法對60株塔瑪亞歷山大藻復(fù)合種(大部分來自中國沿海)的麻痹性貝毒組分和含量進(jìn)行了分析。結(jié)果顯示,不同樣品中毒素的組分和含量存在一定差異,麻痹性貝毒主要成分包括N-磺酰氨甲�；惗舅�(C1/2)、膝溝藻毒素(GTX1/4)和新石房蛤毒素(NEO),其中NEO主要存在于中國南海藻株中。平均每個(gè)細(xì)胞中毒素含量在31.81~0.02 fmol/cell,平均為7.06 fmol/cell(n=49)。每個(gè)細(xì)胞相對于STX的毒性在0.001~7.88 pg STXeq/cell之間。聚類分析表明,麻痹性貝毒含量及組分與該復(fù)合種的地理分布不存在明顯的相關(guān)性。
[Abstract]:Alexandrium tamarense species complex is one of the most important species of red tide, including A. tamarenseus, A. fundyenseet, and A. catenellaa. The economy and human health have caused great harm. Alexandrium tamaratsura is widely found in the coastal waters of China, and red tide broke out in the Bohai Sea, East China Sea and Xiamen Sea, but the genetic diversity of Alexandrium tamaranopsis was observed in all the major sea areas, including the Bohai Sea, the East China Sea and Xiamen Sea. What's the level of differentiation? What is its relationship with the complex species of Alexandrium tamarensis in other parts of the world? What are the characteristics of the toxin? In this study, 82 strains of Alexandrium tamarense collected from different sea areas around the world were amplified by DNA fingerprinting technique and amplified by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLPs). Analysis of genetic diversity and genetic structure, 370 polymorphic loci were screened. The genetic diversity of Neis was between 0.137 and 0.266, with an average of 0.186.The Shannon index (I) was between 0.190 and 0.408, with an average of 0.275. The genetic differentiation index (Fstl) of different geographic populations varied from 0.0070.303 to 0.0070.303. The genetic differentiation between the East China Sea population and the South China Sea population, the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea population and the Chukchi Sea population is very small, only 0.007 and 0.032, respectively. The average of 1.628 structure population structure prediction and principal coordinate analysis (PCo A) shows that 82 samples can be divided into 4 groups, among which the populations of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea and the Chukchi Sea in China are one group. It can be concluded that the composite species of Alexandrium tamaraiensis from the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of China are homologous to the Chukchi algae strain. In this study, the composition and content of paralytic shellfish venom of 60 strains of Alexandrium tamarensis (most of them from the coast of China) were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The composition and content of toxin in different samples were different. The main components of paralytic shellfish venom include N- sulfonyl formyl toxoid C 1 / 2, gonacotoxin GTX 1 / 4) and neo, of which NEO is mainly found in southern Chinese algae strain. The average toxin content in each cell is 31.81 ~ 0.02 fmol / cell, with an average of 7.06. The toxicity of each cell to STX was between 0.001 and 7.88 PG STXeq/cell. There was no significant correlation between the content and composition of paralytic shellfish venom and the geographical distribution of the compound species.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：暨南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X55

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