本文選題：TRMM降水　切入點：臺灣海峽　出處：《廈門大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：流域降水研究對于流域營養(yǎng)鹽和污染物輸運、河口沖淡水及其生態(tài)效應、近海海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)變化等諸多研究領域都具有重要意義。本研究對TRMM遙感降水資料進行了區(qū)域適用性評估,在確保該資料集能真實反映臺灣海峽及其鄰近區(qū)域降水分布趨勢的前提下,綜合使用EOF分析、功率譜分析、EMD分析等多種方法,借助TRMM遙感數據高空間覆蓋度的優(yōu)勢,探討臺灣海峽及其鄰近區(qū)域,尤其是臺灣海峽西岸主要流域的降水、強降水的時空變化特征。 首先,基于1998-2012年TRMM3B43月降水數據的臺灣海峽及其鄰近區(qū)域降水分布基本特征的研究結果顯示：每年的4-9月為臺灣海峽及其鄰近區(qū)域的豐水季節(jié),多年平均的月降水量在部分地區(qū)可高達300mm以上;冬季為枯水季節(jié),絕大部分地區(qū)的月降水量小于100mm。該地區(qū)降水來源,一是來自于春夏之交西南暖濕空氣和變性的大陸冷空氣相遇所形成鋒面經過此地區(qū)所產生的降水,二是夏季臺風帶來的強降水。在春夏之交,強降水區(qū)主要位于閩西北地區(qū),夏季則主要位于臺灣島南部地區(qū)以及福建沿海。1998-2012年臺灣海峽及其鄰近區(qū)域年降水量的變化相當顯著,不同流域的年際變化趨勢不太一樣。 接著,本文應用EOF分析、功率譜分析等方法對臺灣海峽西岸閩江、九龍江和韓江流域降水的時空分布特征進行了深入分析。EOF分解的第一模態(tài)主要體現了豐水期和枯水期的年變化特征,空間分布表現出整體一致性,變化幅度均以山區(qū)為最大；鋒面、地形降水起著決定性影響。第二模態(tài)主要體現后汛期降水與其它季節(jié)降水分布特征的差異,空間分布上主要表現為或東南-西北反相、或南-北反相型的分布格局。此外,三個流域降水在不同季節(jié)的年際變化都相當顯著,尤其是雨季,年際變化幅度最大。夏季降水與南海夏季風強度的變化存在較好的正相關；El Nino事件對閩江流域西北部影響最為顯著,對三個流域枯水期降水的影響范圍最大,降水量均較正常狀態(tài)偏多；而La Nina事件期間,三個流域的降水均比正常狀態(tài)要少,內陸地區(qū)減少的幅度比沿海更大。 最后,本文利用1998-2012年TRMM3B42日降水資料,對臺灣海峽西岸各流域的極端強降水事件進行了統(tǒng)計分析。在空間分布上,各流域強降水最為頻發(fā)、顯著的區(qū)域多為山區(qū)和沿海地帶；在年變化上,閩江、韓江流域強降水主要集中在雨季,九龍江流域強降水年變化則表現為典型的雙峰結構。在年際變化上,三個流域豐水期強降水均呈現出一定的周期性波動,枯水期強降水整體上表現為較明顯的上升趨勢；十五年來,閩江流域、九龍江流域年強降水日單調增加,韓江流域年強降水日單調遞減,各流域均表現出3種不同尺度的變化周期,分別為2-3年、5年左右、9-10年。
[Abstract]:Watershed precipitation studies on the transport of nutrients and pollutants, estuarine flushing fresh water and its ecological effects, Many research fields such as offshore marine ecosystem change are of great significance. In this study, the regional applicability of TRMM remote sensing precipitation data is evaluated. On the premise of ensuring that the data set can truly reflect the precipitation distribution trend in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent areas, the advantages of high spatial coverage of TRMM remote sensing data are obtained by using various methods such as EOF analysis, power spectrum analysis and EMD analysis. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of precipitation and strong precipitation in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent regions, especially in the main watersheds of the West Bank of the Taiwan Strait, are discussed. First of all, based on the monthly precipitation data of TRMM3B43 from 1998 to 2012, the basic characteristics of precipitation distribution in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent areas show that the April to September of each year is the high water season of the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent areas. The annual average monthly precipitation can be as high as 300mm in some areas, and the winter is the dry season, and the monthly precipitation in most areas is less than 100mm. the source of precipitation in this area is, One is the precipitation produced by the front of the southwest warm and wet air and the denatured continental cold air in the turn of spring and summer, and the second is the strong precipitation caused by the summer typhoon. At the turn of spring and summer, the strong water drop area is mainly located in the northwest of Fujian. In summer, the annual precipitation in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent areas in the southern part of Taiwan Island and in the coastal area of Fujian Province is quite significant, and the interannual variation trend of different watersheds is not quite the same. Then, EOF analysis and power spectrum analysis are used to analyze the Minjiang River on the west side of the Taiwan Strait. The characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation in Jiulong River and Hanjiang river basins were analyzed deeply. The first mode of EOF decomposition mainly reflected the annual variation characteristics of high water period and low water period. The spatial distribution showed overall consistency, and the range of change was the largest in mountainous area. The second mode mainly reflects the difference of precipitation distribution between the later flood season and other seasons, and the spatial distribution mainly shows the inverse phase between southeast and northwest. In addition, the interannual variation of precipitation in the three watersheds is quite significant in different seasons, especially in the rainy season. There is a good positive correlation between the summer precipitation and the intensity of the South China Sea summer monsoon. The El Nino event has the most significant influence on the northwestern Minjiang River Basin, and has the greatest influence on the precipitation in the three basins during the dry season. During the La Nina event, the precipitation of the three basins was less than that of the normal state, and the decrease of the inland area was larger than that of the coastal area. Finally, based on the daily precipitation data of TRMM3B42 from 1998 to 2012, this paper makes a statistical analysis of the extreme heavy precipitation events in each watershed in the west coast of the Taiwan Strait. In terms of spatial distribution, the heavy precipitation in each watershed is the most frequent, and the most significant areas are mountainous areas and coastal areas. In terms of annual variation, the strong precipitation of Minjiang River and Hanjiang River is mainly concentrated in the rainy season, and the annual variation of strong precipitation in Jiulong River basin is a typical bimodal structure. Over the past 15 years, the annual strong precipitation in Minjiang River Basin and Jiulong River Basin has increased monotonously, while that in Hanjiang River Basin has been decreasing. The variation periods of three different scales were observed in each watershed, ranging from 2-3 years to 9-10 years.
【學位授予單位】：廈門大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P732.1

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