本文關(guān)鍵詞： 南極 海冰外緣線 普里茲灣 反照率 密集度 表面溫度　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：基于美國(guó)冰雪數(shù)據(jù)中心的海冰外緣線和海冰面積逐月平均值數(shù)據(jù)分析了1979-2014年南極每月海冰外緣線變化和面積變化及趨勢(shì)。發(fā)現(xiàn)南極海冰的外緣線有擴(kuò)張的趨勢(shì),海冰面積也在增加,并且最近幾年增速在加大。利用每月冰密集度趨勢(shì)數(shù)據(jù),分析了南極海冰在不同地區(qū)的變化趨勢(shì)。根據(jù)AMSR2密集度數(shù)據(jù)(以2013年為例)分析了南極普里茲灣的海冰在一年內(nèi)不同階段的空間分布特征。灣內(nèi)以季節(jié)性海冰為主,存在較大的季節(jié)變化。冬季,整個(gè)海區(qū)全部被海冰覆蓋,海冰邊緣線可達(dá)到57°S左右；春夏季,海冰自北向南逐漸破碎和消融；盛夏,南極沿岸的固定冰也破碎消融,海面以不連續(xù)出現(xiàn)的浮冰帶為主。于2013-2014年南半球夏季對(duì)東南極普里茲灣海區(qū)的海冰光學(xué)特征進(jìn)行了走航觀測(cè)。利用安裝于破冰船船頭的高光譜輻照度計(jì)測(cè)量入射和反射的350-920nm的太陽(yáng)短波輻射,基于觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算得到了反照率。分析和比較了不同下墊面的反照率,通過(guò)比較不同航段的觀測(cè)結(jié)果,得到了反照率的空間變化,以及從海冰融化期至凍結(jié)初期的變化。比較了不同波段的反照率,發(fā)現(xiàn)融化期由于積雪含水量較大,增加對(duì)近紅外輻射的吸收,降低了該波段的反照率。結(jié)合衛(wèi)星遙感(AMSR 2)和人工觀測(cè)的海冰密集度,發(fā)現(xiàn)區(qū)域平均的反照率主要取決于海冰密集度,然而也受下墊面物理特征影響,例如2月底至3月初形成的新冰的反照率只有老冰的1/3-1/2。新冰形成,會(huì)直接增加海冰密集度,但由于其反照率較低,其對(duì)空間平均反照率的貢獻(xiàn)較小。因此,若要建立合理的冰水混合區(qū)的反照率參數(shù)化方案,必須充分考慮海冰類型和冰面積雪的物理狀態(tài),并考慮反照率的波長(zhǎng)依賴性。與此同時(shí),安裝在同樣位置的紅外輻射計(jì)觀測(cè)海冰／水表面溫度,計(jì)算得到表面溫度在4個(gè)航段的時(shí)間和空間變化,并將表面溫度與反照率和海冰密集度的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的分析與研究。
[Abstract]:Based on the monthly mean data of the outer edge of sea ice and the area of sea ice in the US Ice and Snow data Center, the variation and area variation and trend of the outer edge of Antarctic sea ice during 1979-2014 are analyzed. It is found that the outer edge of Antarctic sea ice has a tendency to expand. The area of sea ice is also increasing, and in recent years it has been increasing. Using monthly ice intensity trend data, The variation trend of Antarctic sea ice in different regions is analyzed. The spatial distribution characteristics of sea ice in Prydz Bay in Antarctica at different stages in one year are analyzed based on AMSR2 intensity data (2013 as an example). Seasonal sea ice dominates the sea ice in the bay. There are great seasonal variations. In winter, the whole sea area is covered by sea ice, and the marginal line of sea ice can reach 57 擄S. in spring and summer, the sea ice gradually breaks and melts from north to south, and in the middle of summer, the fixed ice along the Antarctic coast is also broken and melted. The sea surface is dominated by discontinuous ice floes. The optical characteristics of sea ice in the Prydz Bay area, East Antarctica, were observed in the summer of 2013-2014. The incidence was measured by using a hyperspectral radiometer mounted on the bow of an icebreaker. And the reflected 350-920nm solar shortwave radiation, The albedo is calculated on the basis of observation data. The albedo of different underlying surfaces is analyzed and compared. The spatial variation of albedo is obtained by comparing the observed results of different sections. And the changes from the melting period of sea ice to the initial period of freezing. By comparing the albedo of different bands, it is found that the absorption of near infrared radiation is increased during the melting period due to the high water content of snow. Combined with satellite remote sensing AMSR2) and artificial observation of sea ice intensity, it is found that the regional average albedo mainly depends on the sea ice intensity, but is also affected by the physical characteristics of the underlying surface. For example, the albedo of the new ice formed from the end of February to the beginning of March is only 1 / 3 / 1 / 2 of the old ice. The formation of new ice will directly increase the density of sea ice, but because of its low albedo, its contribution to the spatial mean albedo is relatively small. In order to establish a reasonable albedo parameterization scheme in ice water mixing area, the type of sea ice and the physical state of snow cover on the ice surface must be fully considered, and the wavelength dependence of albedo should also be taken into account. The infrared radiometer installed in the same position observed the sea ice / water surface temperature, calculated the time and space variation of the surface temperature in the four sea sections, and analyzed and studied the relationship between the surface temperature and the albedo and sea ice density.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P731.15;P714.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 高郭平,董兆乾;南極威德?tīng)柡１g湖形成機(jī)制的研究進(jìn)展[J];中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2004年01期

，

本文編號(hào)：1532013