本文關(guān)鍵詞： 纖毛蟲 微藻 ~(33)P 動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)　出處：《廈門大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：纖毛蟲作為微食物環(huán)中一個(gè)重要的組成部分,是連接微食物環(huán)和經(jīng)典食物鏈的過渡環(huán)節(jié),在海洋微食物網(wǎng)的能量流動(dòng)、營養(yǎng)元素循環(huán)中扮演重要角色。海洋纖毛蟲可通過攝食浮游植物同化營養(yǎng)元素磷,纖毛蟲排出的磷又可被浮游植物吸收利用,這是海洋中磷再生的一條重要途徑,對微食物環(huán)甚至整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中磷元素的循環(huán)流動(dòng)起著重要的作用。然而目前關(guān)于纖毛蟲吸收、再生磷元素的研究甚少,相關(guān)過程的動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)亦十分缺乏。本研究選擇香港近岸海域一種常見的纖毛蟲一游仆蟲(Euplotes sp.)為研究對象,用經(jīng)過放射性同位素33P標(biāo)記的三種代表性微型藻類,即等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sp.)、自養(yǎng)型小球藻(Chlorella autotrophica)和假微型海鏈藻(Thalassiosira pseudonana),喂食纖毛蟲。研究了不同食物種類、食物濃度條件下磷的動(dòng)力學(xué)過程。獲得研究結(jié)果如下：1.游仆蟲攝食等鞭金藻、自養(yǎng)型小球藻和假微型海鏈藻時(shí),對磷的同化率分別為14-46%、12-37%和20-41%。各組攝食實(shí)驗(yàn)均在四個(gè)食物濃度下進(jìn)行,即0.04、0.16、0.80和4.00 mg C.L-1。在食物充足時(shí),纖毛蟲對三種藻類中磷的同化率較低；而當(dāng)食物相對匱乏時(shí),同化率顯著增高。結(jié)果表明,所攝食藻的種類對纖毛蟲的磷同化率有一定影響,而食物濃度的影響更大。2.游仆蟲體內(nèi)的磷可分為功能型、結(jié)構(gòu)型兩類,在磷的排出過程中對應(yīng)快速排出、慢速排出兩個(gè)過程,可分別用排出速率常數(shù)ke1和ke2描述。攝食不同藻類時(shí),游仆蟲對磷的排出速率不同。游仆蟲攝食等鞭金藻、自養(yǎng)型小球藻、假微型海鏈藻后排出磷的ke1和ke2分別為0.87-1.86d-1和0.09-0.38d-1、0.54-2.29 d-1和0.09-0.15 d-1與1.65-1.89 d-1和0.23-0.60 d-1。結(jié)果表明,磷在纖毛蟲體內(nèi)的周轉(zhuǎn)速率較高。3.等鞭金藻、自養(yǎng)型小球藻和假微型海鏈藻對水體中溶解態(tài)無機(jī)磷(dissolved inorganic phosphorus,DIP)的吸收速率常數(shù)為51.71 L.g-1·h-1,23.17 L·g-1·h-1,12.97 L·g-1·h-1；而對游仆蟲排出的再生磷(Recycled Phosphorus,RP)的吸收速率常數(shù)分別為：16.10 L·g-1·h-1,19.15 L·g-1·h-1,12.98 L·g-1·h-1。RP是由DIP和溶解態(tài)有機(jī)磷(dissolved organic phosphorus, DOP)共同組成。三種微型藻類對溶解態(tài)磷的吸收利用率都很高,而且吸收DIP的效率高于吸收DOP。與之相比,游仆蟲吸收DIP的效率較低,實(shí)驗(yàn)中游仆蟲在6 h內(nèi)僅能吸收利用水體中1.6%的DIP,吸收速率常數(shù)ku1僅為0.38 L·g-1·h-1。而在纖毛蟲對再生磷的重新利用的實(shí)驗(yàn)中,6 h內(nèi)纖毛蟲對溶解態(tài)磷的利用率3.7%,對應(yīng)的吸收速率常數(shù)ku2為0.58L.g-1.h-1。與之相比,纖毛蟲對其食物相顆粒態(tài)磷(Particle Phosphorus,PP)的利用率為10-34%,遠(yuǎn)高于其對溶解態(tài)磷的吸收。其可能原因是纖毛蟲的細(xì)胞膜缺乏運(yùn)輸磷的載體,難以從水相直接吸收磷元素。游仆蟲是濾食者,其食性使得適當(dāng)粒徑的食物易于被其捕獲并攝入體內(nèi),磷元素隨之被消化吸收。由此可見,海洋纖毛蟲釋放在水相中的溶解性磷主要被藻類迅速吸收,而后纖毛蟲通過攝食藻類來完成對再生磷的重新吸收利用。4.綜合所測各項(xiàng)動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù),建立了量化纖毛蟲攝食三種微型藻類過程中磷元素流動(dòng)、循環(huán)的動(dòng)力學(xué)的模型。模型結(jié)果顯示,海洋纖毛蟲從食物顆粒中同化磷的效率遠(yuǎn)高于其從水相吸收溶解態(tài)磷的效率,食物顆粒態(tài)磷是纖毛蟲獲取生長代謝所需磷的主要來源。當(dāng)食物匱乏時(shí),纖毛蟲可以進(jìn)行自身調(diào)節(jié)提高對食物中磷的同化率,從而更好地適應(yīng)環(huán)境。纖毛蟲對磷的快速再生作用促進(jìn)了磷在微食物網(wǎng)中,以致在整個(gè)海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的循環(huán),具有重要的生態(tài)學(xué)意義。
[Abstract]:The microloop ciliates as an important part of transitional link microloop and classical food chain, energy flow in marine microbial food web, plays an important role in nutrient cycling in marine ciliates. By feeding phytoplankton assimilation nutrition element phosphorus, phosphorus and ciliates discharge can be absorbed by the phytoplankton, which is an important way to ocean phosphorus regeneration, circulation of the microloop even the whole ecosystem phosphorus plays an important role. However, on ciliates absorption, regeneration of phosphorus is very little, the kinetic data of related processes is also very lacking. In this study, a selection of Hongkong coastal waters a common ciliate Euplotes (Euplotes sp.) as the research object, by using the three kinds of representative micro algae radioisotope labeled 33P, namely i.galbana (Isochrysis sp .), autotrophic Chlorella (Chlorella autotrophica) and t. pseudonana (Thalassiosira pseudonana), feeding on different types of food. Ciliates, kinetics of food concentration under the conditions of phosphorus. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Euplotes feeding i.galbana, autotrophic Chlorella and t. pseudonana when the rate of phosphorus assimilation, respectively 14-46%, 12-37% and 20-41%. were feeding experiments were conducted in four food concentration, 0.04,0.16,0.80 and Mg C.L-1. in 4 when food is plentiful, ciliate assimilation of three species of algae in the rate of phosphorus is low; and when the food is relatively scarce, assimilation rate increased significantly. The results showed that what kind of food algae phosphorus assimilation rate of ciliates have a certain influence, but phosphorus greater.2. Euplotes in vivo effects of food concentration can be divided into functional structure, type two, in the discharge process of phosphorus in the corresponding rapid discharge, slow Fast discharge two processes, respectively with discharge rate constants of Ke1 and Ke2. Describe the ingestion of different algae, removal rate of phosphorus in Euplotes. Euplotes feeding i.galbana, autotrophic Chlorella, t. pseudonana phosphorus discharged after Ke1 and Ke2 were 0.87-1.86d-1 and 0.09-0.38d-1,0.54-2.29 and D-1 0.09-0.15 D-1 and 1.65-1.89 D-1 and 0.23-0.60 d-1. results showed that the phosphorus in the high turnover rate of.3. in ciliates Isochrysis, autotrophic Chlorella and t. pseudonana of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (dissolved inorganic, phosphorus, DIP) the absorption rate constant was 51.71 L.g-1 - h-1,23.17 L - g-1 - L - h-1,12.97 g-1 H-1; and on the regeneration of phosphorus in Euplotes discharge (Recycled Phosphorus, RP) the absorption rate constants were 16.10 L - g-1 - h-1,19.15 - g-1 - L h-1,12.98 L - g-1 - h-1.RP is composed of DIP and dissolved organic phosphorus (di Ssolved organic phosphorus, DOP) composed of three kinds of micro algae. The dissolved phosphorus absorption rate is very high, and the absorption of DIP DOP. absorption efficiency is higher than the contrast, Euplotes DIP absorption efficiency is low, the middle reaches of Euplotes can only absorb water in 1.6% DIP within 6 h the absorption rate constant, Ku1 is only 0.38 L - g-1 - h-1. in ciliates to use phosphorus regeneration experiments, 6 h ciliates use of dissolved phosphorus was 3.7%, corresponding to the absorption rate constant ku2 was 0.58L.g-1.h-1. compared with that of ciliates on its food phase particles (Particle Phosphorus, P PP) the utilization rate of 10-34%, much higher than the absorption of dissolved phosphorus. The possible reason is the carrier of the cell membrane of ciliates lack of transport of phosphorus, phosphorus absorption to directly from water. Euplotes are filter feeders, feeding the appropriate size of food is easy to make Is the capture and ingestion of phosphorus, followed by digestion and absorption. Therefore, marine ciliates release of dissolved phosphorus in water is rapidly absorbed by algae, and algae to complete the re feeding of ciliates on the regeneration of phosphorus absorption measured by the comprehensive dynamic parameters by using.4., established the three kinds of micro algae feeding ciliates in the process of phosphorus flow circulation dynamics model. Model results show that the efficiency of marine ciliates from food particles in the assimilation of phosphorus absorption efficiency is much higher than that of the dissolved phosphorus from water, food particulate phosphorus is the main source of growth and metabolism of ciliates to obtain required phosphorus. When food is scarce, ciliates can regulate itself to improve assimilation rate of phosphorus in food, in order to better adapt to the environment. The rapid regeneration of ciliates on phosphorus promoted the phosphorus in the microbial food web, so that in the whole The cycle in the marine ecosystem has important ecological significance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：Q178.53

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