本文關(guān)鍵詞： 甌飛灘附近海域 浮游生物 底棲生物 游泳動物 多樣性 群落結(jié)構(gòu)　出處：《浙江海洋學(xué)院》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為研究甌飛灘附近海域海洋生態(tài)狀況及其年際變化情況,本文基于2011年春季與2013年春季對該海域海洋生態(tài)與游泳動物調(diào)查所獲得數(shù)據(jù)資料,通過分析浮游生物、底棲生物與游泳動物的種類組成、優(yōu)勢種以及其生物多樣性等群落特征,對該海域海洋生境質(zhì)量進(jìn)行了分析。主要研究結(jié)果如下： (1)浮游生物 2013年春季,浮游植物、浮游動物分別為63種與65種,生物多樣性指數(shù)H'均值分別為2.34,2.66,整體生境質(zhì)量一般。與2011年相同調(diào)查范圍相比,浮游植物多樣性、均勻度、豐富度差異較小,但優(yōu)勢種由中肋骨條藻、針桿藻等變?yōu)橥该鞲茉�、三角角藻等；浮游動物種類數(shù)、多樣性、均勻度、豐富度與2011年相當(dāng),但個(gè)體密度明顯升高,生物量明顯下降,優(yōu)勢種由球形側(cè)腕水母、中華哲水蚤等變?yōu)樗捴Ｋ�、近緣大眼劍水蚤等�?(2)底棲生物 2013年春季,底棲生物、潮間帶生物分別59種與101種,生物多樣性指數(shù)H'均值分別為2.43與2.35,整體生境質(zhì)量一般。與2011年相同調(diào)查范圍相比,底棲生物種類數(shù)、棲息密度、生物量和多樣性指數(shù)均有所上升,且在群落組成上占優(yōu)勢的類群由軟體動物變?yōu)槎嗝?優(yōu)勢種由紅帶織紋螺、不倒翁蟲變?yōu)榻购铀{(lán)蛤、中蚓蟲；潮間帶生物多樣性水平有所下降,但豐富度增大,種類數(shù)、棲息密度與生物量均大幅上升,優(yōu)勢種由齒紋蜒螺、疣荔枝螺等變?yōu)樾√賶亍⒑谑w麥蛤等。 (3)游泳動物 2011年游泳動物共58種,其中,魚類35種,甲殼類21種,頭足類2種。優(yōu)勢種為口蝦蛄、葛氏長臂蝦和棘頭梅童魚3種,整體生物多樣性水平一般。ABC曲線結(jié)果表明,游泳動物群落受到了中等程度的干擾。 2013年游泳動物共87種,其中,魚類55種,甲殼類28種,頭足類4種。優(yōu)勢種為六絲鈍尾蝦虎魚、銀鯧、龍頭魚3種。整體生物多樣性水平一般,種間分布較均勻,種類豐富度較高,而兩江口、近岸海域多樣性水平較低。ABC曲線結(jié)果表明,游泳動物群落受到較嚴(yán)重的干擾。 在相同調(diào)查范圍內(nèi),2013年游泳動物共73種,與2011年共有種類為41種,種類組成差異較大,其中,魚類種類組成變化較大,2011年與2013年未共同出現(xiàn)的種類數(shù)分別為13種與24種。 2013年優(yōu)勢種發(fā)生變化,為六絲鈍尾蝦虎魚、銀鯧、日本圀3種,占總漁獲量的百分比增大,且占總尾數(shù)百分比增幅明顯高于重量百分比；鳳鱭、棘頭梅童魚、葛氏長臂蝦等經(jīng)濟(jì)種類IRI值明顯降低,而六絲鈍尾蝦虎魚IRI值明顯增大,占較大優(yōu)勢,銀鯧IRI值也有所增大。ABC曲線結(jié)果表明,甌飛灘附近海域游泳動物群落受到的干擾程度較2011年明顯增大。聚類分析結(jié)果表明,兩次調(diào)查游泳動物群落相似性較低,群落結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了變化。生物多樣性指數(shù)H'、均勻度指數(shù)J較2011年春季略有上升,豐富度指數(shù)D明顯降低。游泳動物生物多樣性水平與2011年相當(dāng),種間分布較均勻,但豐富度有所下降。 2013年春季各站位尾數(shù)密度均值較2011年明顯增大,重量密度減小；魚類資源密度均值增大,且尾數(shù)密度增幅較大；甲殼類資源密度均值明顯降低；頭足類資源密度均值減小。尾數(shù)密度大于1×103ind./km2與重量密度大于10kg/km2的種類所占總種類數(shù)的百分比降低。葛氏長臂蝦、金色小沙丁魚、鳳鱭等種類資源密度下降,而六絲鈍尾蝦虎魚、溊的資源密度顯著增大,且尾數(shù)密度增幅較大,銀鯧資源密度增大。 綜上所述,浮游生物、底棲生物生境質(zhì)量都有變差的趨勢,游泳動物資源現(xiàn)狀亦不容樂觀。甌飛灘附近海域海洋生態(tài)狀況有變差趨勢。
[Abstract]:For the study of the Oufei beach near the sea marine ecological conditions and interannual changes, and this paper based on the 2013 2011 spring spring in the area of marine ecology and animal swimming survey to obtain data, through the analysis of plankton, benthic species composition and dominant species of animal swimming, its biological diversity and other community characteristics of marine habitat quality the area was analyzed. The main results are as follows:
(1) plankton
In the spring of 2013, phytoplankton, planktonic animal were 63 and 65, the biodiversity index of average H'value was 2.34,2.66, the overall habitat quality. Compared with 2011, the same survey range, phytoplankton diversity, evenness and richness were smaller, but the dominant species by Skeletonema costatum, needle bar algae become transparent Rhizosolenia, triangle algae; planktonic animal species number, diversity, evenness, richness and individual density in 2011, but significantly increased the biomass of dominant species decreased significantly, from spherical wrist jellyfish, Calanus sinicus into obelia dichotoma, corycaeus affinis.
(2) benthos
In the spring of 2013, benthic intertidal organisms were 59 and 101, the biodiversity index of H'was 2.43 and 2.35, compared with the overall habitat quality in general. In 2011 the same survey range, benthic species number, density, biomass and diversity index increased, and in the communities the dominant taxa from animal software into polychaetes, dominant species from Nassarius succinctus, sternaspis scutata becomes the focal Helan clams in the intertidal zone of tubifex worms; the level of biodiversity decreased, but the number of species richness increased, the density and biomass were increased significantly, the dominant species of a tooth lines neritids, thaisclavigera into small barnacles, clams and other black buckwheat.
(3) swimming animals
In 2011 a total of 58 kinds of animal swimming, among them, 35 fish species, 21 crustacean species and 2 cephalopod species. The dominant species were Oratosquilla, Palaemon gravieri and collichthys lucidus 3, general.ABC curve results overall level of biodiversity showed that swimming animal community is disturbed moderately.
In 2013 a total of 87 kinds of animal swimming, among them, 55 fish species, 28 crustacean species and 4 cephalopod species. The dominant species were six silk blunt tail goby, pomfret, leading fish 3. The overall level of biodiversity, species distribution is uniform, species richness is higher, and the two river estuary, coastal waters of diversity lower levels of.ABC curves showed that the swimming animal community by the serious interference.
In the same survey area, there were 73 species of swimming animals in 2013. There were 41 species in 2011. There were great differences in species composition. Among them, fish species composition changed greatly. There were 13 species and 24 species that did not appear in 2011 and 2013.
In 2013 the dominant species changed, six silk blunt tail goby, pomfret, Japan Guo 3, a percentage of the total catch increased, and the total percentage number was significantly higher than that of WT; c.mystus, collichthys lucidus, Palaemon gravieri and other economic types of IRI was significantly lower, while the six wire IRI was blunt tail goby increased, dominant, IRI value also increased.ABC argenteus curves showed that the degree of interference by the Oufei beach near the sea swimming animal community than in 2011 increased significantly. The results of cluster analysis showed that the two survey of animal community swimming low similarity, changes in community structure. The biodiversity index H', uniform the J index rose slightly compared with 2011 spring season, species richness index D decreased significantly. The swimming animal biodiversity level comparable to that of 2011, a more uniform distribution, but species richness declined.
In the spring of 2013 were significantly increased compared to 2011 the average individual density, weight density decreased; fish resources density increases, and the individual density of crustacean resources increased considerably; the density value decreased obviously; cephalopods resource density decreases. Mean density of more than 1 types of mantissa * 103ind./ km2 with a weight density greater than 10kg/km2 percentage of the total number of species reduced. Palaemon gravieri, golden sardine, c.mystus and other types of resource density decreased, while the six wire blunt tail goby, Xia resource density increased significantly, and the individual density increase, silver pomfret density increases.
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本文編號：1489019