【摘要】：隨著發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)向高轉(zhuǎn)速、高負(fù)荷、低油耗、低排放方向發(fā)展,對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)零部件的性能要求越來越苛刻�；钊h(huán)作為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的關(guān)鍵零部件,其性能優(yōu)劣直接影響發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性和排放性。研究活塞環(huán)動(dòng)力學(xué)特性,可為優(yōu)化柴油機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)提供理論指導(dǎo)。以某四缸柴油機(jī)活塞組件為研究對(duì)象,借助AVL EXCITE PistonRing軟件對(duì)活塞組動(dòng)力學(xué)進(jìn)行了分析,主要從以下幾個(gè)方面展開了研究工作：首先建立活塞組件動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,并與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,為后續(xù)的仿真提供基礎(chǔ)；其次研究活塞裙部結(jié)構(gòu)、頭部錐度、銷孔位置、配缸間隙等參數(shù)的改變對(duì)活塞二階運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響,及其對(duì)活塞環(huán)運(yùn)動(dòng)特性的影響；再次研究不同活塞環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)及性能下,缸內(nèi)潤(rùn)滑油消耗變化規(guī)律以及活塞環(huán)的運(yùn)動(dòng)變化規(guī)律：最后研究活塞環(huán)岸結(jié)構(gòu)、環(huán)閉口間隙等對(duì)漏氣量的影響規(guī)律。主要研究結(jié)果表明：(1)活塞裙部中凸點(diǎn)由16mm上移8mmm使得活塞傾角減少18.18%,潤(rùn)滑油消耗降低36.60%�；钊共可隙丝s減量增加后,不利于降低噪聲與潤(rùn)滑油消耗。頭部錐度由0.14mm降低到0.1mm,有助于降低活塞二階運(yùn)動(dòng)幅度,也可降低潤(rùn)滑油消耗。活塞銷孔高度由原結(jié)構(gòu)降低到39mm,活塞傾角位移峰值下降,潤(rùn)滑油消耗降幅4.12%,漏氣量的變化較小且無規(guī)律。配缸間隙的增加,使活塞二階運(yùn)動(dòng)幅度、漏氣量與潤(rùn)滑油消耗均增加。(2)活塞頂環(huán)表面型線對(duì)潤(rùn)滑油消耗的影響主要取決于環(huán)的梯形角度與上端縮減量。二環(huán)工作面錐度為1°時(shí)潤(rùn)滑油消耗最小,刮油刃厚度增加后潤(rùn)滑油消耗也增加。油環(huán)刮油刃厚度對(duì)潤(rùn)滑油消耗的影響最大,其增幅最大達(dá)20.26%。三道活塞環(huán)切向彈力取24N、18N、50N時(shí),潤(rùn)滑油消耗降低2.58%。不同活塞環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)活塞環(huán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響最大相同點(diǎn)在于,在活塞上止點(diǎn)換向或者下止點(diǎn)換向時(shí),活塞環(huán)的徑向位移產(chǎn)生較明顯的變化。(3)活塞第一環(huán)槽下邊緣倒角從0.1 mm增加到0.5mm,漏氣量急劇增加,增幅達(dá)63.62%。三道活塞環(huán)閉口間隙中,頂環(huán)閉口間隙對(duì)漏氣量的影響最大,間隙從0.4mm增加到0.7mm,漏氣量增加21.35%。而第二、第三環(huán)岸間隙以及三道環(huán)槽的深度對(duì)漏氣量的影響較小。
[Abstract]:With the development of engine towards high speed, high load, low fuel consumption and low emission, the performance requirements of engine components are becoming more and more stringent. Piston ring is the key part of engine. Its performance directly affects engine power, economy and emission. The study of the dynamic characteristics of piston ring can provide theoretical guidance for the optimization of diesel engine structure design. Taking the piston assembly of a four-cylinder diesel engine as the research object, the dynamics of the piston group is analyzed with the help of AVL EXCITE PistonRing software. The research work is mainly carried out from the following aspects: firstly, the dynamic model of the piston assembly is established. The results are compared with the experimental results to provide the foundation for the subsequent simulation. Secondly, the influence of piston skirt structure, head taper, pin hole position and cylinder clearance on the second order motion of piston and its influence on piston ring motion characteristics are studied. The variation law of lubricating oil consumption and the movement of piston ring under different piston ring structure and performance are studied again. Finally, the influence of piston ring bank structure and ring closure clearance on gas leakage is studied. The main results are as follows: (1) the inclination angle of piston is reduced by 18.18% and the lubricating oil consumption is reduced by 36.60% because the convex point of piston skirt is moved up by 16mm 8mmm. The reduction of the upper end of the piston skirt is not conducive to the reduction of noise and lubricating oil consumption. The head taper is reduced from 0.14mm to 0.1 mm, which helps to reduce the second order motion amplitude of the piston and reduce the lubricating oil consumption. The height of the piston pin hole was reduced from the original structure to 39 mm, the peak displacement of the piston angle decreased, the consumption of lubricating oil decreased by 4.12 and the gas leakage rate changed slightly and irregularly. With the increase of cylinder clearance, the second-order motion amplitude, air leakage and lubricating oil consumption of piston are increased. (2) the influence of piston top ring surface profile on lubricating oil consumption mainly depends on the trapezoidal angle of the ring and the upper end reduction. When the taper of the second ring face is 1 擄, the consumption of lubricating oil is the least, and the consumption of lubricating oil is also increased when the thickness of the blade is increased. The oil ring blade thickness has the greatest influence on the oil consumption, and the biggest increase is 20.26%. The lubricating oil consumption is reduced by 2.58 when the tangential elasticity of the three piston rings is 24Nm 18Nm 50N. The most common effect of different piston ring structures on piston ring motion is that, when the piston is up-and-down commutating, The radial displacement of the piston ring changes obviously. (3) the chamfering angle of the lower edge of the first ring groove of the piston increases from 0. 1 mm to 0. 5 mm, and the gas leakage increases sharply, with an increase of 63.62 mm. In the three-channel piston ring closing clearance, the top ring closure gap has the greatest influence on the leakage rate, the gap increases from 0.4mm to 0.7 mm, and the leakage volume increases by 21.35 mm. Second, the third annulus clearance and the depth of the third ring trough have little effect on the leakage rate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TK421

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