【摘要】：鍋爐作為一種熱力設(shè)備廣泛運(yùn)用于國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域,由于鍋爐是承壓設(shè)備,其運(yùn)行存在一定的危險(xiǎn)性,一旦發(fā)生安全事故會帶來不可估量的人身和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,所以必須重視、規(guī)范鍋爐的安全運(yùn)行監(jiān)管。鍋爐也是主要的耗能設(shè)備之一,現(xiàn)階段以燃煤鍋爐為主。由于我國燃煤鍋爐的實(shí)際運(yùn)行效率偏低,造成能源的巨大浪費(fèi)。因此,基于鍋爐的實(shí)際運(yùn)行現(xiàn)狀,針對性地開展行之有效的鍋爐節(jié)能改造,不僅可以提高鍋爐運(yùn)行的熱效率,而且可以提升其運(yùn)行的可靠性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性,同時(shí)減少鍋爐的燃煤消耗,起到減少排放的積極效果。興化地區(qū)的鍋爐安全運(yùn)行監(jiān)管主要包括鍋爐使用過程的安全監(jiān)察、監(jiān)督和檢驗(yàn)、檢測工作。本地區(qū)以小型燃煤工業(yè)鍋爐為主,數(shù)量多,分布廣,鍋爐使用單位及從業(yè)人員的安全責(zé)任意識有待加強(qiáng),因此,當(dāng)?shù)氐腻仩t安全運(yùn)行監(jiān)管和節(jié)能改造工作面臨諸多難題。本文結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)劐仩t使用的實(shí)際狀況,重點(diǎn)關(guān)注鍋爐安全運(yùn)行監(jiān)管和節(jié)能改造二個(gè)方面,主要工作和結(jié)論如下:(1)基于興化地區(qū)在用鍋爐類別、分布數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)劐仩t安全運(yùn)行故障、事故案例,指出當(dāng)?shù)劐仩t安全事故多為受熱面損壞事故。鍋爐事故原因多為安全附件失效、鍋爐水處理不當(dāng)或缺失,導(dǎo)致?lián)Q熱管局部過熱變形、破損;或因管內(nèi)內(nèi)結(jié)垢嚴(yán)重引起局部傳熱惡化,發(fā)生爆管破口等安全事故。通過加強(qiáng)宣傳、監(jiān)管和培訓(xùn),鍋爐事故率逐年下降。(2)基于本地鍋爐原水水質(zhì)狀況,結(jié)合各種水處理工藝特點(diǎn),制定正確的鍋內(nèi)加藥水處理規(guī)范。通過跟蹤鍋內(nèi)加藥水處理前后的鍋爐結(jié)垢和運(yùn)行情況,選用Na2CO3和Na3PO4混合(比例為5:3)的粉劑,結(jié)合一定量HPMA(聚馬來酸酐)水劑的藥劑配方,加藥劑量根據(jù)鍋爐結(jié)垢情況適當(dāng)調(diào)整。執(zhí)行本地鍋爐水處理全覆蓋監(jiān)管,鍋爐的水質(zhì)檢驗(yàn)合格率提高到86.5%,鍋爐結(jié)垢率降為10.8%,鍋爐的故障率、事故率降低。(3)對YLW-7000MAII有機(jī)熱載體鍋爐實(shí)施節(jié)能技術(shù)改造。將原先的工頻與手動相結(jié)合的半自動化控制模式改造為變頻技術(shù)與自動控制相結(jié)合的全自動化控制方式。根據(jù)回油溫度(267±2℃)動態(tài)調(diào)節(jié)鍋爐熱負(fù)荷,同時(shí),爐膛負(fù)壓控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)引風(fēng)機(jī)的排煙量,保證爐膛負(fù)壓在-30±2 Pa范圍內(nèi),維持鍋爐恒負(fù)壓的燃燒狀態(tài)。節(jié)能改造后的鍋爐熱效率提高4.44%,節(jié)省用煤9.6%左右,節(jié)約用電23.17%。同時(shí)減少運(yùn)行工人1名,工人勞動強(qiáng)度降低。
[Abstract]:As a kind of thermal equipment, boiler is widely used in various fields of national economy. Because boiler is a pressure equipment, its operation is dangerous, once the safety accident occurs, it will bring incalculable personal and economic losses. Therefore, attention must be paid to the regulation of boiler safety operation. Boiler is also one of the main energy consumption equipment, coal-fired boilers are the main at the present stage. The actual operation efficiency of coal-fired boilers in China is on the low side, resulting in a huge waste of energy. Therefore, based on the actual operation situation of the boiler, it can not only improve the thermal efficiency of the boiler operation, but also enhance the reliability and economy of the boiler operation. At the same time, to reduce the coal consumption of boilers, play a positive effect of reducing emissions. The supervision of boiler safety operation in Xinghua area mainly includes the safety supervision, supervision and inspection of boiler operation process. In this area, the small coal-fired industrial boilers are the main type, with large quantity and wide distribution. The safety responsibility consciousness of boiler users and employees needs to be strengthened. Therefore, the local boiler safety operation supervision and energy-saving renovation work face many difficulties. Combined with the actual situation of local boiler use, this paper focuses on two aspects of boiler safety operation supervision and energy saving transformation. The main work and conclusions are as follows: (1) based on the data of boiler in use in Xinghua area, Combined with the local boiler safety operation failure and accident cases, it is pointed out that the local boiler safety accident is mostly the heating surface damage accident. Most boiler accidents are caused by failure of safety accessories, improper or missing treatment of boiler water, resulting in local overheating deformation and breakage of heat exchanger pipes, or serious deterioration of local heat transfer caused by scaling in pipes, and occurrence of safety accidents such as tube breakage. Through strengthening propaganda, supervision and training, the accident rate of boiler decreases year by year. (2) based on the water quality of local boiler raw water and combined with the characteristics of various water treatment processes, the correct standards for the treatment of potion water in the boiler are formulated. By tracking the scale and operation of boiler before and after the treatment of potion water, the powder mixed with Na2CO3 and Na3PO4 (5:3) was selected, combined with the formulation of a certain amount of HPMA (polymaleic anhydride) water agent, and the dosages were adjusted according to the scaling condition of the boiler. Under the supervision of full coverage of local boiler water treatment, the qualified rate of boiler water quality inspection is increased to 86.5, the boiler scaling rate is reduced to 10.8, the boiler failure rate and accident rate are reduced. (3) Energy-saving technical transformation of YLW-7000MAII organic heat carrier boiler is carried out. The original semi-automatic control mode which combines power frequency and manual control is transformed into a fully automatic control mode which combines frequency conversion technology and automatic control. According to the back oil temperature (267 鹵2 鈩，

本文編號：2281630