本文選題：高壓共軌 + 一維仿真　； 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著發(fā)動機電子控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展,電控柴油機被廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車、機械等多個工程領(lǐng)域。能源危機的出現(xiàn)及環(huán)境污染的加重使人們對柴油機效率及排放越來越關(guān)注。噴油過程的精細(xì)化控制是提高發(fā)動機燃油經(jīng)濟性及排放性能的重要手段。高壓共軌系統(tǒng)因可實現(xiàn)對噴油壓力、噴油次數(shù)、噴油量及噴油規(guī)律的較為精確的控制而成為國內(nèi)外研究的重點。然而,由于發(fā)動機持續(xù)不斷的噴油、供油,高壓管路中不可避免的會產(chǎn)生壓力波動,對噴油過程的精確控制產(chǎn)生不利影響。先進的軌壓控制技術(shù)是維持共軌管中壓力穩(wěn)定的重要途徑,同時,通過對高壓管路結(jié)構(gòu)的合理匹配和設(shè)計也是改善高壓管路壓力波動特性的有效方式。本文對高壓管路中壓力波動特性進行了較為深入的研究,并對高壓管路的結(jié)構(gòu)進行了優(yōu)化。本文對高壓共軌系統(tǒng)組成及工作原理進行了說明,對主要部件的數(shù)學(xué)模型進行了闡述,利用AMESIM軟件建立高壓共軌系統(tǒng)一維仿真模型,通過將仿真結(jié)果與試驗數(shù)據(jù)進行對比分析,驗證了模型的準(zhǔn)確性。利用已經(jīng)建立的高壓共軌系統(tǒng)一維仿真模型,研究結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對高壓管路壓力波動特性的影響。通過改變供油管長度、內(nèi)徑,共軌管長度、內(nèi)徑、容積、長徑比,高壓油管長度、內(nèi)徑,研究高壓管路結(jié)構(gòu)變化時壓力波動程度的變化規(guī)律；通過改變供油管、共軌管、高壓油管的容積及長徑比,分析高壓管路形狀對軌壓建立時間的影響。建立高壓管路流場三維模型,在劃分模型網(wǎng)格時通過對模型的合理分塊,使模型網(wǎng)格全部為六面體網(wǎng)格,利用FLUENT軟件開展高壓管路三維流場仿真計算,通過對高壓管路燃油壓力云圖、速度云圖及矢量的分析,結(jié)合一維仿真計算結(jié)果,對高壓管路中壓力波的產(chǎn)生、傳播及燃油流動過程進行了分析。用頻譜分析的方法,對不同工況及高壓管路結(jié)構(gòu)下一維仿真計算得到的共軌管壓力波動曲線進行分析,總結(jié)出共軌管壓力波動頻率、振幅受高壓共軌系統(tǒng)運行及結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的影響規(guī)律。最后,在前文研究的基礎(chǔ)上,通過設(shè)計正交試驗,以提升高壓共軌系統(tǒng)綜合性能為指標(biāo),以高壓管路容積大小作為限定條件,對供油管長度、內(nèi)徑,共軌管長度、內(nèi)徑及高壓油管長度、內(nèi)徑進行匹配并開展一維仿真計算,得到兩種高壓管路容積限制條件下各指標(biāo)都較優(yōu)的管路結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),結(jié)論為：高壓管路容積限制在60m1以內(nèi)時,供油管長度取300mm、供油管內(nèi)徑取4mm、共軌管長度取450mm、共軌管內(nèi)徑取12mm、高壓油管長度取300mm,高壓油管內(nèi)徑取4mm時,高壓共軌系統(tǒng)綜合性能較優(yōu),優(yōu)化后的軌壓平均壓力波動量數(shù)值較優(yōu)化前降低31.24%,循環(huán)噴油量提升0.57%,噴油量平均偏差降低了39.84%；高壓管路容積限制在100ml以內(nèi)時,供油管長度取300mm、供油管內(nèi)徑取4mm、共軌管長度取750mm、共軌管內(nèi)徑取12mm、高壓油管長度取300mm,高壓油管內(nèi)徑取3.5mm時,高壓共軌系統(tǒng)性能指標(biāo)提升,優(yōu)化后的軌壓平均壓力波動量數(shù)值較優(yōu)化前降低30.53%,循環(huán)噴油量提升0.51%,噴油量平均偏差降低了52.38%。
[Abstract]:With the development of engine electronic control technology, electronic control diesel engine is widely used in many fields, such as automobile, machinery and other engineering fields. The emergence of energy crisis and the aggravation of environmental pollution make people pay more and more attention to the efficiency and emission of diesel engine. The fine control of the fuel injection process is an important hand to improve the fuel economy and emission performance of the generator. The high pressure common rail system has become the focus of research at home and abroad because of the precise control of the injection pressure, the number of fuel injection, the amount of fuel injection and the law of injection. However, the pressure wave will inevitably be produced in the continuous injection of the engine, the oil supply and the high pressure pipeline, which has a negative effect on the precise control of the injection process. Advanced pressure control technology is an important way to maintain pressure stability in common rail. At the same time, the rational matching and design of high pressure pipeline structure is also an effective way to improve the pressure fluctuation characteristics of high pressure pipeline. The pressure fluctuation characteristics in high pressure pipeline are studied in this paper, and the structure of high pressure pipeline is carried out. In this paper, the composition and working principle of the high pressure common rail system are explained, the mathematical model of the main components is expounded, and the one dimension simulation model of the high pressure common rail system is established by using AMESIM software. By comparing the simulation results with the experimental data, the accuracy of the model is verified. One dimension simulation model of the system is used to study the influence of structural parameters on pressure fluctuation characteristics of high pressure pipeline. By changing the length, diameter, diameter of common rail, inner diameter, volume, length diameter ratio, length and diameter of high pressure oil pipe, the variation law of pressure fluctuation in high pressure pipeline structure is studied, and the oil supply pipe, common rail tube and high pressure oil are changed by changing the oil pipe. The effect of the volume and the length to diameter ratio of the tube is analyzed. The three-dimensional model of the high pressure pipeline is established. The three-dimensional model of the high pressure pipeline flow field is established. The model grid is all hexahedral mesh through the reasonable partition of the model mesh. The three-dimensional flow field simulation of high pressure pipe road is carried out by FLUENT software, and the high pressure pipeline is burned through the high pressure pipeline. With the analysis of oil pressure cloud map, velocity cloud map and vector, combined with one dimension simulation results, the production, propagation and fuel flow process of pressure waves in high pressure pipeline are analyzed. The pressure wave curve of common rail pipe obtained by one dimension simulation under different working conditions and high pressure pipeline structure is analyzed by spectrum analysis, and the conclusion is summarized. The frequency of common rail pressure fluctuates, the amplitude is influenced by the operation of the high pressure common rail system and the influence of structural parameters. Finally, on the basis of the previous study, through the design of orthogonal test, the comprehensive performance of the high pressure common rail system is improved. The length of the pipe, the inner diameter, the length of the common rail pipe, the inner diameter and the inner diameter are taken as the limit of the high pressure pipe volume. The length and inner diameter of the high pressure oil pipe are matched and one dimension simulation calculation is carried out. The parameters of the pipeline structure are better under the conditions of two high pressure pipelines. The conclusion is that the length of the oil supply pipe is 300mm, the inner diameter of the oil supply pipe is 4mm, the length of the common rail pipe is 450mm, the inner diameter of common rail pipe is 12mm, high. When the length of the pressure oil pipe is 300mm and the inner diameter of the high pressure pipe is 4mm, the comprehensive performance of the high pressure common rail system is better. The average pressure fluctuation of the rail pressure after the optimization is 31.24% lower than that before the optimization, the amount of circulating fuel injection is 0.57%, the average deviation of the fuel injection is reduced by 39.84%. When the volume of the high pressure pipeline is limited to 100ml, the length of the pipe supply is 300mm, supply oil. When the inner diameter of the tube is 4mm, the length of the common rail pipe is 750mm, the inner diameter of the common rail tube is 12mm, the length of the high pressure oil pipe is 300mm, when the inner diameter of the high pressure oil pipe is 3.5mm, the performance index of the high pressure common rail system is improved. The average pressure fluctuation of the rail pressure after the optimization is 30.53% lower than that before the optimization, the circulation fuel quantity is raised by 0.51%, and the average deviation of the fuel injection is reduced by 52.38%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TK423

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