脈沖爆轟推進(jìn)應(yīng)用數(shù)值模擬及實(shí)驗(yàn)研究
本文選題:脈沖爆轟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) + 爆轟循環(huán) ; 參考:《北京交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文
【摘要】:脈沖爆轟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是一種新型熱力推進(jìn)裝置,它是利用爆轟波后高溫高壓爆轟產(chǎn)物的膨脹產(chǎn)生推力,具有循環(huán)熱效率高、推重比大及結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單等優(yōu)點(diǎn),因此在未來(lái)飛行器的推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。然而脈沖爆轟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的工程應(yīng)用還有許多關(guān)鍵技術(shù)沒(méi)有解決,因此本文通過(guò)數(shù)值計(jì)算和實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M研究脈沖爆轟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)爆轟循環(huán)中波的運(yùn)動(dòng)作用及其相互作用,理清了其工作循環(huán)的特點(diǎn)及規(guī)律,討論了爆轟管內(nèi)可燃混合物的充氣比例對(duì)爆轟循環(huán)的影響,研究了擴(kuò)張噴管對(duì)其動(dòng)力性能的影響,最后通過(guò)脈沖爆轟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)裝置研究其點(diǎn)火及排氣過(guò)程的規(guī)律。 根據(jù)脈沖爆轟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作循環(huán)的特點(diǎn)研究了其循環(huán)過(guò)程波系的產(chǎn)生、運(yùn)動(dòng)及相互作用等流場(chǎng)特征,從理論上分析了循環(huán)過(guò)程波系圖的變化以及推力的簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下: (1)由于對(duì)可燃混合氣的充入難以達(dá)到精確控制,在每次循環(huán)都不可能恰好充滿爆轟管,因此對(duì)爆轟管內(nèi)不同可燃混合氣的填充率進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬,研究了爆轟管內(nèi)可燃混合物的填充比對(duì)其工作循環(huán)的影響,從而為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)氣的控制提供理論指導(dǎo)。 (2)為了研究噴管對(duì)脈沖爆轟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng)力性能的影響,本文對(duì)不同形狀的擴(kuò)張噴管進(jìn)行了數(shù)值計(jì)算,研究其與等截面爆轟管產(chǎn)生的瞬時(shí)推力以及工作循環(huán)內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的沖量的差異。結(jié)果表明:在爆轟管尾部設(shè)置擴(kuò)張噴管能明顯提高其動(dòng)力性能。 (3)為了研究充氣壓力對(duì)脈沖爆轟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)點(diǎn)火及爆轟產(chǎn)物排放過(guò)程的影響,本文采用高速紋影技術(shù)對(duì)爆轟的點(diǎn)火及爆轟產(chǎn)物的排放過(guò)程進(jìn)行了可視化研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,隨著充氣壓力的提高,點(diǎn)火過(guò)程產(chǎn)生激波的強(qiáng)度和爆轟波在沖出爆轟管時(shí)的強(qiáng)度都隨之增強(qiáng)。
[Abstract]:Pulse detonation engine is a new type of thermal propulsion device. It uses the expansion of high temperature and high pressure detonation products after detonation wave to produce thrust. It has the advantages of high cycle heat efficiency, large push-weight ratio and simple structure. Therefore, it has a broad application prospect in the future aircraft propulsion system. However, the engineering application of pulsed detonation engine still has many key technologies to be solved. Therefore, the motion and interaction of waves in the detonation cycle of pulsed detonation engine are studied by numerical calculation and experimental simulation. The characteristics and laws of its working cycle are clarified, the effect of the inflatable ratio of combustible mixture in detonation tube on the detonation cycle is discussed, and the influence of expanded nozzle on its dynamic performance is studied. Finally, the ignition and exhaust process of pulsed detonation engine are studied. According to the characteristics of the working cycle of pulsed detonation engine, the characteristics of wave system generation, motion and interaction are studied. The variation of wave system diagram and the simple calculation of thrust are analyzed theoretically. The main contents of the study are as follows: 1) because it is difficult to control the filling of combustible mixture accurately, it is impossible to fill the detonation tube at every cycle, so the filling rate of different combustible mixture in the detonation tube is numerically simulated. The effect of filling ratio of combustible mixture in detonation tube on its working cycle is studied, which provides theoretical guidance for the control of engine intake. 2) in order to study the effect of nozzle on the dynamic performance of pulsed detonation engine, numerical calculation is carried out for different shapes of expanded nozzle, and the difference between the instantaneous thrust produced by the nozzle and the constant section detonation tube and the impulse produced in the working cycle is studied. The results show that the dynamic performance of the detonation tube can be improved obviously by setting the expanded nozzle at the end of the detonation tube. 3) in order to study the effect of inflatable pressure on ignition process and detonation product emission process of pulsed detonation engine, a visualization study on ignition and emission process of detonation products is carried out by using high speed schlieren technique in this paper. The experimental results show that the intensity of shock wave produced during ignition and the intensity of detonation wave when flushing out of detonation tube increases with the increase of inflatable pressure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號(hào)】:TK407
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