基于瞬態(tài)動力學(xué)的柴油機(jī)曲軸疲勞壽命研究
本文選題:曲軸 + 疲勞壽命預(yù)測; 參考:《中北大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文
【摘要】:曲軸是發(fā)動機(jī)內(nèi)最重要的運(yùn)動部件之一,其結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和性能參數(shù)對柴油機(jī)整體的重量、可靠性以及壽命都有決定性的影響。在實(shí)際工作過程中曲軸受力極其復(fù)雜,其內(nèi)部會產(chǎn)生拉、壓、彎、扭的交變應(yīng)力,致使曲軸過早的出現(xiàn)彎曲疲勞破壞,,在主軸頸和連桿軸頸的過渡圓角處應(yīng)力集中現(xiàn)象比較嚴(yán)重,在這些地方會過早的產(chǎn)生疲勞裂紋,從而導(dǎo)致曲軸斷裂。因此,為了掌握曲軸在工作過程中的應(yīng)力的分布規(guī)律,對曲軸進(jìn)行瞬態(tài)動力學(xué)研究和疲勞壽命研究,是很必要的。在今后對曲軸的改進(jìn)、優(yōu)化也具有十分重要的意義。 針對曲軸會過早的出現(xiàn)彎曲疲勞破壞這一問題,進(jìn)行了以下幾個(gè)方面的研究: (1)利用三維造型軟件Pro/E建立了曲軸實(shí)體模型,并用前處理軟件對其進(jìn)行前處理并離散成有限元模型; (2)分析曲軸所承受的載荷,依據(jù)有限元動力學(xué)理論基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合曲軸結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和實(shí)際的工作狀態(tài),對其進(jìn)行了動態(tài)響應(yīng)分析,并對動態(tài)響應(yīng)中遇到的模型網(wǎng)格大小的確定、約束方式的確定、接觸關(guān)系的選擇、加載方式的選擇以及載荷步選取的方法等進(jìn)行了對比研究。然后重點(diǎn)研究了應(yīng)力集中部位的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)和特征,并分析應(yīng)力集中部位的應(yīng)力-時(shí)間歷程曲線,以便于了解曲軸動態(tài)響應(yīng)特性,并為疲勞分析提供了載荷數(shù)據(jù)。 (3)在研究曲軸疲勞壽命預(yù)測方法的基礎(chǔ)上對其壽命進(jìn)行了預(yù)測。具體研究了零件S-N曲線獲取及表面加工系數(shù)、尺寸系數(shù)以及強(qiáng)化系數(shù)的修正;疲勞損傷累積方法;損傷參量的選; (4)在以上研究的基礎(chǔ)上對曲軸的危險(xiǎn)部位明確后,對其進(jìn)行了基于Spearman秩相關(guān)系數(shù)的敏感度研究,通過研究得出了對危險(xiǎn)部位的應(yīng)力影響最大的是過渡圓角半徑。
[Abstract]:Crankshaft is one of the most important moving parts in engine. Its structure parameters and performance parameters have a decisive effect on the whole weight, reliability and life of diesel engine.In the actual working process, the crankshaft is very complicated in force, and the internal stress of the crankshaft will produce the alternating stress of tension, compression, bending and torsion, resulting in premature bending fatigue failure of the crankshaft.The stress concentration at the transition corners of the main and connecting rod necks is very serious, and fatigue cracks will occur prematurely in these places, which will lead to the fracture of the crankshaft.Therefore, it is necessary to study the transient dynamics and fatigue life of the crankshaft in order to understand the stress distribution of the crankshaft in the working process.In the future, the improvement of crankshaft, optimization also has very important significance.Aiming at the problem of premature bending fatigue failure of crankshaft, the following aspects are studied:1) the crankshaft solid model is established by using 3D modeling software Pro/E, and the preprocessing software is used to preprocess it and discretize it into finite element model.Based on the finite element dynamics theory, the dynamic response of the crankshaft is analyzed according to the characteristics of the crankshaft structure and the actual working state, and the mesh size of the model encountered in the dynamic response is determined.The determination of constraint mode, the choice of contact relation, the choice of loading mode and the method of selecting load step are compared.Then the stress state and characteristics of the stress concentration are studied and the stress-time history curve of the stress concentration is analyzed in order to understand the dynamic response characteristics of the crankshaft and provide the load data for fatigue analysis.3) the fatigue life of crankshaft is predicted on the basis of the study of fatigue life prediction method of crankshaft.The S-N curve acquisition and the modification of surface machining coefficient, dimension coefficient and strengthening coefficient, the fatigue damage accumulation method, and the selection of damage parameters are studied in detail.4) on the basis of the above research, the sensitivity of the crankshaft is studied based on the Spearman rank correlation coefficient after the dangerous position of the crankshaft is defined. The results show that the most important influence on the stress of the dangerous part is the transition radius.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:TK423
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