本文選題：二沖程煤油發(fā)動機 + 爆震識別系統(tǒng)��； 參考：《南京航空航天大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：火花點燃式活塞發(fā)動機,特別是二沖程發(fā)動機,因機械結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、效率高、重量輕、升功率大等優(yōu)點,在軍事特種車輛和航空的中、小型無人直升機等領(lǐng)域有比較廣泛的應(yīng)用。與汽油相比,煤油蒸發(fā)較困難、閃點高,具有較好的使用安全性,易于運輸;但其在燃燒時火焰?zhèn)鞑サ乃俣容^低、抗爆性較差,而爆震是火花點燃式發(fā)動機上的一種非正常燃燒現(xiàn)象,嚴(yán)重時會影響其動力輸出、增大燃油消耗,甚至發(fā)生發(fā)動機重要零部件損壞的現(xiàn)象。因此本文設(shè)計了二沖程煤油發(fā)動機爆震識別系統(tǒng),并搭建了某型二沖程煤油發(fā)動機實驗臺架進行了實驗研究。本文對機體振動信號的采集與分析方法進行了詳細的敘述,并對發(fā)動機實驗臺架上采集到的發(fā)動機機體振動信號進行了分析處理,準(zhǔn)確地提取出了信號的爆震中心頻率等信息,設(shè)計了二沖程煤油發(fā)動機爆震識別系統(tǒng),搭建了半物理仿真實驗臺對其功能進行了驗證,并在試驗臺架上進行了實驗研究,研究結(jié)果表明其功能和工作穩(wěn)定性可以達到預(yù)期要求。主要工作如下:(1)研究了發(fā)動機爆震信號的采集與分析方法,通過對比三種主流的爆震信號檢測及處理方法,本文以機體振動信號處理方法作為本文的研究方法,分析快速傅立葉變換算法與內(nèi)稟模態(tài)特征能量法的優(yōu)、缺點及其可行性,本文選取內(nèi)稟模態(tài)特征能量法作為爆震信號特征提取的方法;(2)本文先對爆震識別系統(tǒng)的硬件進行了選型,并完成了硬件系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計;根據(jù)機體振動信號處理的過程及爆震狀態(tài)、爆震強度的識別邏輯,進行了爆震識別系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計,并完成了編譯、調(diào)試工作;自定義上位機與下位機的通訊協(xié)議,完成了上位機系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計,實現(xiàn)了實時反饋發(fā)動機的狀態(tài)信息、爆震狀態(tài)和爆震強度,并達到美觀實用的效果。(3)搭建了半物理仿真實驗臺,對設(shè)計好的爆震識別系統(tǒng)進行了功能性驗證,采用真實實驗臺架上采集到的機體振動信號作為輸入信號,通過改變輸入信號的頻率和幅值的方式來驗證爆震識別系統(tǒng)的功能。(4)搭建了二沖程煤油發(fā)動機實驗臺架,進行爆震識別系統(tǒng)的實驗研究,測試其功能是否正常。實驗研究結(jié)果表明二沖程煤油發(fā)動機爆震識別系統(tǒng)能夠準(zhǔn)確判斷發(fā)動機的爆震狀態(tài)并及時反饋爆震強度。
[Abstract]:Spark ignited piston engine, especially two-stroke engine, has been widely used in military special vehicle and aeronautical field because of its simple structure, high efficiency, light weight and large power.Compared with gasoline, kerosene is difficult to vaporize, has high flash point, has better safety in use and is easy to transport, but its flame propagation speed is lower and its anti-explosion property is poor during combustion.Detonation is an abnormal combustion phenomenon in spark ignited engine, which will affect its power output seriously, increase fuel consumption, and even cause damage to important parts of the engine.In this paper, a detonation identification system for a two stroke kerosene engine is designed, and an experimental bench for a two stroke kerosene engine is built.In this paper, the method of collecting and analyzing the vibration signal of the engine block is described in detail, and the vibration signal of the engine block collected on the engine experimental bench is analyzed and processed, and the frequency of the detonation center of the signal is extracted accurately.A detonation recognition system for two-stroke kerosene engine is designed. The function of the system is verified by a semi-physical simulation test bench, and the experimental research is carried out on the test bench.The results show that its function and working stability can meet the expected requirements.The main work is as follows: (1) the acquisition and analysis methods of engine detonation signals are studied. By comparing the three main methods of detection and processing of detonation signals, the vibration signal processing method of the airframe is used as the research method in this paper.The advantages, disadvantages and feasibility of fast Fourier transform algorithm and intrinsic mode characteristic energy method are analyzed.In this paper, the intrinsic mode characteristic energy method is selected as the feature extraction method of detonation signal.) in this paper, the hardware of the detonation recognition system is selected first, and the design of the hardware system is completed, according to the process of vibration signal processing and the state of detonation,The software design of the detonation recognition system is carried out, and the compiling and debugging work is completed, the communication protocol between the upper computer and the lower computer is defined, and the design of the upper computer system is completed.The real-time feedback of engine state information, detonation state and detonation intensity is realized, and the beautiful and practical effect is achieved. The semi-physical simulation experiment bench is built, and the functional verification of the designed detonation recognition system is carried out.A two-stroke kerosene engine test bench is built by changing the frequency and amplitude of the input signal to verify the function of the detonation recognition system by using the vibration signal collected on the real experimental bench as the input signal.The experimental study of knock recognition system was carried out, and the function of the system was tested.The experimental results show that the detonation recognition system of two-stroke kerosene engine can accurately judge the detonation state of the engine and feedback the detonation intensity in time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TK461

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